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首页> 外文学位 >Nondestructive optical imaging of surfaces with 500 angstrom resolution. (Volumes 1 and 2).
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Nondestructive optical imaging of surfaces with 500 angstrom resolution. (Volumes 1 and 2).

机译：具有500埃分辨率的表面的无损光学成像。 （第1卷和第2卷）。

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摘要

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) was developed from the conceptual stage to the point where optical images with resolution well in excess of the classical limit of diffraction could be obtained routinely. In the simplest embodiment of NSOM, the light transmitted through a submicron aperture in an opaque screen is used to form a subwavelength light source which is then scanned over the object to generate the desired superresolution image.; Several different theoretical models for near-field diffraction by subwavelength structures were considered, all of which indicated that, to achieve tenth wavelength resolution with visible light, an {dollar}sim{dollar}500A aperture had to be placed {dollar}sim{dollar}200A away from the sample with a precision of {dollar}sim{dollar}200A. Consequently, the implementation of NSOM required developments in several areas: subwavelength aperture fabrication; vibration isolation; nanometer level positioning; distance regulation; and low light level detection. To demonstrate that these challenges could be met, a simple prototype capable of producing one dimensional linescans was constructed.; The prototype instrument proved that features could be seen with a sharpness superior to even the theoretical limits of conventional optical systems. Superresolution fluorescence linescans were also obtained. These results justified the construction of a considerably more elaborate instrument, capable of producing two dimensional images with much greater speed, reliability, and flexibility. Improvements were made in all technical areas during the development of this microscope.; Many images were generated with the new instrument. A true resolution of better than 1000A and an edge sharpness of less than 400A was obtained. A high degree of reproducibility was also demonstrated. The resolution was found to be roughly equal to the greater of the aperture size and aperture to sample separation. Several different contrast mechanisms were explored, including polarization dependent contrast. Other images indicated that further design improvements are possible. Nevertheless, the current instrument could be fruitfully applied in several areas.; The results obtained thus far demonstrate that NSOM has considerable potential, because it promises to combine the high resolution of electron microscopy with the non-destructiveness, high speed, low cost, reliability, ease of use, and wealth of contrast mechanisms characteristic of conventional optical microscopy.
机译：从概念阶段发展到近场扫描光学显微镜（NSOM），可以常规获得分辨率远远超过经典衍射极限的光学图像。在NSOM的最简单实施例中，通过不透明屏幕中的亚微米孔透射的光被用来形成亚波长光源，然后在物体上扫描该亚波长光源以产生所需的超分辨率图像。考虑了几种不同的亚波长结构近场衍射的理论模型，所有这些模型都表明，要在可见光下达到十分之一的波长分辨率，必须放置{dollar} sim {dollar} 500A孔径{dollar} sim {dollar }与样品保持200A的距离，精度为{dollar} sim {dollar} 200A。因此，NSOM的实施需要在以下几个方面进行发展：亚波长孔的制造；隔振;纳米级定位；距离调节；和弱光检测。为了证明可以克服这些挑战，构建了一个能够生产一维线束的简单原型。原型仪器证明，即使是常规光学系统的理论极限，也可以看到清晰的特征。还获得了超分辨率荧光线扫描仪。这些结果证明了构造更复杂的仪器的合理性，该仪器能够以更高的速度，可靠性和灵活性产生二维图像。在开发该显微镜期间，在所有技术领域都进行了改进。新仪器生成了许多图像。获得了优于1000A的真实分辨率和低于400A的边缘清晰度。还证明了高度可重复性。发现分辨率大致等于孔径尺寸和样品分离孔径中的较大者。探索了几种不同的对比机制，包括偏振相关的对比。其他图像表明进一步的设计改进是可能的。然而，目前的文书可以在多个领域取得成果。迄今为止获得的结果表明，NSOM具有巨大的潜力，因为它有望将电子显微镜的高分辨率与无损，高速，低成本，可靠性，易用性以及常规光学特性的丰富对比机制相结合。显微镜检查。

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  • 作者

    Betzig, Robert Eric.;

  • 作者单位

    Cornell University.;

  • 授予单位 Cornell University.;
  • 学科 Physics Optics.; Biophysics General.; Engineering General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1988
  • 页码 675 p.
  • 总页数 675
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 光学;生物物理学;工程基础科学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:50:51

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