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Early Life Effects of a Dual Burden Environment: Childhood Intestinal Health and Immune Function in Galápagos, Ecuador

机译：双重负担环境对生命的早期影响：厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯群岛的儿童肠道健康和免疫功能

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摘要

Early life pathogenic and nutritional environments impact health over the life course by training the immune system to adapt to local microbial conditions and developing metabolic trajectories based on resource availability. Exposure to environmental microbes during childhood, common throughout evolutionary history, can provide immunoregulatory properties that strengthen the immune system's ability to resolve inflammation. In populations with childhood undernutrition, pathogenic exposures due to unsanitary living conditions can cause chronic intestinal inflammation. This condition, known as environmental enteric dysfunction, allows for microbes to enter the blood causing endotoxemia and systemic infection. Chronic immunostimulation during childhood is energetically demanding and often results in growth deficits.;This dissertation uses the emerging field of the gut microbiome as pathway to investigate the early life effects of overnutrition and poor water quality on childhood intestinal health and immune function in Galapagos, Ecuador. Residents of San Cristobal are unfortunately experiencing a dual burden of both increasing rates of obesity, coupled with persistent rates of infectious disease. Data was collected from 169 children aged two to ten and their 119 mothers. Interviews obtained information concerning household water use and sanitation practices, and children's hygiene behaviors, illness histories and diets. Household water samples were collected to quantify fecal pathogens. Anthropometric assessments provided indicators of nutritional status. Blood spots were measured for immune biomarkers and fecal samples were collected to examine gut microbial compositions.;Novel hypotheses are tested for the dual burden environment that examine the relationship between pathogenic and obesogenic factors on inflammation, endotoxemia and gut microbial composition, and provide insight into the early life health impacts of the dual burden environment on childhood intestinal health and immune function. The significant of this research is that even in the context of a pro-inflammatory state, driven by overweight and obesity, early life exposure to Escherichia coli contaminated water, which does not result in diarrhea, can provide an immunoregulatory effect among children in Galapagos. Identifying gut microbial symbiosis as a possible mechanism underlying this protective effect is an original contribution to the evolutionary "old friends" hypothesis and is of particular importance to public health research on environmental enteric dysfunction.
机译：早期的病原性和营养性环境通过训练免疫系统以适应当地的微生物条件并根据资源的可利用性发展代谢轨迹，从而影响整个生命周期的健康。儿童时期暴露于环境微生物中（在整个进化史中很普遍）可以提供增强免疫系统解决炎症能力的免疫调节特性。在儿童期营养不良的人群中，由于不卫生的生活条件引起的病原体暴露可引起慢性肠道炎症。这种情况称为环境肠功能障碍，使微生物进入血液引起内毒素血症和全身感染。儿童期的长期免疫刺激非常耗能，并且经常导致生长不足。;本文以肠道微生物组的新兴领域为途径，研究营养过剩和水质不良对厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯市儿童肠道健康和免疫功能的早期影响。 。不幸的是，圣克里斯托瓦尔的居民正面临着肥胖率增加和传染病持续发生的双重负担。收集了169位2至10岁的儿童和119位母亲的数据。访谈获得了有关家庭用水和卫生习惯以及儿童的卫生习惯，病史和饮食习惯的信息。收集家庭用水样本以量化粪便病原体。人体测量评估提供了营养状况的指标。测量血斑中的免疫生物标志物并收集粪便样本以检查肠道微生物组成。新颖的假说针对双重负担环境进行了测试，该双重负担环境检查了炎症，内毒素血症和肠道微生物组成的致病因素和致癌因素之间的关系，并提供了洞察力双重负担环境对儿童肠道健康和免疫功能的早期健康影响。这项研究的重要意义在于，即使在超重和肥胖导致的促炎状态下，生命早期暴露于大肠杆菌污染的水也不会导致腹泻，这可以为加拉帕戈斯群岛的儿童提供免疫调节作用。将肠道微生物共生识别为这种保护作用的可能机制，这是对进化“老朋友”假说的最初贡献，并且对环境肠道功能障碍的公共卫生研究特别重要。

著录项

  • 作者

    Houck, Kelly Marie.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;
  • 学科 Immunology.;Public health.;Developmental biology.;Latin American studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 157 p.
  • 总页数 157
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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