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首页> 外文学位 >Discordant consensus: Dialogues on the Earth's age in American science, 1890--1930.
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Discordant consensus: Dialogues on the Earth's age in American science, 1890--1930.

机译：不一致的共识：美国科学界关于地球年龄的对话，1890--1930年。

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摘要

The history of investigation of the Earth's age during the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries has been often presented as a narrative of a disciplinary conflict. In this dissertation, I investigate the evidence which supports such accounts as well as evidence contrary to it. I conclude that this disciplinary conflict narrative underestimates the complexity of the historical situation and points to broader inadequacies in understanding of group knowledge and consensus. The larger question I ask is "what does it mean for a group of people to know something?" I argue that we need view the historical actor as composed of (dialogically interacting) multiple subjects: the individual who strives for understanding and multiple community members who strive to communicate. Furthermore, I introduce the concept of an imagined community member, the image that an interlocutor has of an anonymous member of a given community, who represents its knowledge, assumptions, and expectations.;Based on an investigation of previously unexamined archival and printed sources, I argue for a new periodization of dialogues on the Earth's age in America. Prior to the 1890s, only isolated American scientists spoke about the topic. After a period of intensified discussion during the years 1892--3, the scientific community started to give a uniform answer to the question about the Earth's age, which was the disciplinary conflict story. This uniform community response, however, corresponded only to a consensus of response, not a consensus of shared belief. The next period covering the first two decades of the next century, corresponded to the fragmentation of the discussion of the Earth's age into multiple, non-interacting, largely disciplinary dialogues. A new consensus did not emerge again until around 1930, when a new community emerged and claimed jurisdiction over the question of geological time. In addition to challenging the disciplinary conflict narrative I also argue that the significance of the discipline of chemistry, and of two individuals, Joseph Barrell and Alfred C. Lane, to the dialogues on the Earth's age has been undervalued in current historiography.
机译：在19世纪下半叶和20世纪上半叶，对地球年龄的调查历史常常被作为对学科冲突的叙述。在本文中，我研究了支持这种说法的证据以及与之相反的证据。我得出的结论是，这种纪律冲突的叙述低估了历史局势的复杂性，并指出了在理解群体知识和共识方面的更大范围的不足。我要问的更大的问题是“一群人知道什么意味着什么？”我认为，我们需要将历史参与者视为（与之互动）多个主题：努力理解的个人和努力沟通的多个社区成员。此外，我介绍了想象中的社区成员的概念，即对话者对给定社区的匿名成员的形象，代表了其知识，假设和期望。基于对以前未经审查的档案和印刷资料的调查，我主张就美国地球年龄进行新的对话分期。在1890年代之前，只有孤立的美国科学家谈论过这个话题。在1892--3年间进行了一段时间的紧张讨论之后，科学界开始统一回答有关地球年龄的问题，这是纪律冲突的故事。但是，这种统一的社区响应仅对应于响应的共识，而不是共享信念的共识。下一个时期涵盖下个世纪的前二十年，对应于对地球年龄的讨论分散为多种，不相互作用的，主要是纪律性对话。直到1930年左右，一个新的社区出现并要求对地质时间问题拥有管辖权后，新的共识才再次出现。除了质疑学科冲突的叙述外，我还认为，化学史以及两个人约瑟夫·巴雷尔和阿尔弗雷德·莱恩·莱恩对地球时代对话的重要性在当前史学中被低估了。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ratowt, Sylwester Jan.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Oklahoma.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Oklahoma.;
  • 学科 History United States.;History of Science.;Philosophy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 262 p.
  • 总页数 262
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 美洲史;哲学理论;自然科学史;
  • 关键词

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