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The political economy of England and Ireland in the age of mercantilism, 1660--1760.

机译：重商主义时代（1660--1760）的英格兰和爱尔兰的政治经济。

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This dissertation examines the making, implementation, and enforcement of English commercial policy towards Ireland during the heyday of the British colonial system. It argues that the Restoration marked the emergence of a new and broadly coherent trade policy towards Ireland, as part of a comprehensive restructuring of England's commercial and colonial policy along mercantilist lines, in which neither direct pressure by special interests nor purely fiscal considerations played much of a rote. Between 1660 and 1663, the Irish tariff schedule was overhauled, the Irish were mostly excluded from direct participation in the Atlantic commerce under the Navigation Acts, and the Irish trade in raw materials was placed under strict controls, ail with the objective of making Ireland commercially dependent on England and preventing any of England's European rivals from enriching themselves with Ireland's resources or markets. Compliance with these measures, which was evaded and resisted by the merchants of Ireland, was bolstered from the 1670s as imperial administration was centralized under the rule of the Treasury and Customs Commission in London. Ireland's broadly subordinate trading position in the British empire, along with the mercantilist orientation of the English state, was consolidated during the 1690s under the Williamite regime.;Beginning in the early 1700s, as the colonial system became increasingly characterized by the clashing and balancing of competing interests by the imperial parliament at Westminster, Irish Protestant interests became active participants in the shaping of commercial policy in Ireland for the first time since the Restoration. By early in the reign of Anne, the Irish Parliament had gained a large measure of control over the granting of the short-term supplies now necessary to maintain solvent government in Ireland. This new power was used periodically throughout the eighteenth century to bargain with London for enlarged commercial privileges for the Irish within the empire. An Irish "lobby" was also organized in the British capital, which, especially when allied with British or British West Indian pressure groups, was successful in resisting a number of additional trading restrictions proposed for Ireland, as well as in securing important concessions, including modifications of the Navigation Acts in Ireland's favor and continued official support for Ireland's linen industry.

机译：本文考察了英国殖民体系鼎盛时期对爱尔兰的英国商业政策的制定，实施和执行情况。它认为，恢复标志着针对爱尔兰的新的，广泛一致的贸易政策的出现，这是按照重商主义路线对英国的商业和殖民政策进行全面重组的一部分，在该结构中，特殊利益的直接压力或纯粹的财政考虑都没有发挥很大作用。死记硬背在1660年至1663年之间，对爱尔兰的关税表进行了全面修改，根据《航行法》，大多数爱尔兰人被排除在直接参与大西洋贸易之外，并对爱尔兰的原材料贸易进行严格控制，以期使爱尔兰实现商业化。依赖英格兰，并阻止英格兰的任何欧洲竞争对手利用爱尔兰的资源或市场来丰富自己。自1670年代以来，由于帝国管理在伦敦财政和海关委员会的统治下集中起来，因此爱尔兰商人回避并抵制这些措施的行为得到了加强。爱尔兰在大英帝国的广泛贸易地位以及英格兰国家的重商主义倾向在1690年代威廉姆森政权统治下得到巩固。始于1700年代初期，随着殖民地体系的日益冲突和平衡，其殖民地特征日益突出。自威斯敏斯特帝国议会争夺利益以来，爱尔兰新教徒的利益自恢复以来首次成为积极参与爱尔兰商业政策制定的参与者。到安妮统治初期，爱尔兰议会已经获得了对授予短期债务的大量控制，这些短期债务现在是维持爱尔兰有偿付能力的政府所必需的。在整个18世纪，这种新力量被定期用来与伦敦进行讨价还价，以扩大帝国内部爱尔兰人的商业特权。在英国首都还组织了一个爱尔兰“游说团”，特别是在与英国或英国西印度压力组织结盟时，它成功地抵制了对爱尔兰提出的许多其他贸易限制，并获得了重要的让步，包括修改《航行法》，有利于爱尔兰，并继续为爱尔兰的亚麻行业提供官方支持。

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作者
Guilfoyle, James Edward.;
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作者单位

The University of Chicago.;

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授予单位 The University of Chicago.;
学科 History European.;Economics History.
学位 Ph.D.
年度 2009
页码 768 p.
总页数 768
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类欧洲史;世界各国经济概况、经济史、经济地理;
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入库时间 2022-08-17 11:38:25

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The political economy of England and Ireland in the age of mercantilism, 1660--1760.

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