Whether Camellia oleifera is suitable for development in Jianghuai region of Anhui Province is a controversial issue. In this paper the significance of developing Camellia oleifera in Jianghuai region was outlined based on years of research. An example analysis was made on successful cultivation of Camellia oleifera plantations in Fengyang County and the site conditions for developing Camellia oleifera were cleared:1. The sunny south slope of the hill with acid soil sheltered from wind is suitable. 2. The north slope of the hill with neutral or alkaline soil including the north of Fengyang County and its north is unsuitable. 3. There is risk and shouldn’t develop Camellia oleifera in plain and gentle-slope areas before successful experiments results are achieved. Some key points needed for special attention for its development in the region were put forward at at the end of this paper in the hope of providing reference for enterprises and forest and agriculture farms planning to develop Camellia oleifera in the region.%安徽省江淮地区是否适合发展油茶是一个有争议的问题。本文在多年调查研究的基础上，简述了该地区发展油茶的重要意义；分析了凤阳县现有油茶林栽培成功的实例；明确了江淮地区能否发展油茶的立地条件：（1）丘陵的南坡即避风向阳、土壤酸性的立地可以发展。（2）丘陵的北坡、凤阳北部及以北平原、土壤中性偏碱的立地不能发展。（3）平原或平缓的地段风险大，在未获得试验成功之前不能发展；最后提出了该地区发展油茶要特别注意的一些关键问题，以期为拟在该地区发展油茶的企业和林农在决策和生产中参考。
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