Objective To introduce the action mechanisms of Cyclosporin A ( CsA ) Eye Drops for treating dry eye syndrome and the re-lated clinical research progress. Methods The electronic retrieval from the National Center for Biotechnology Information databases was performed by using the key words cyclosporine, cyclosporin A, mechanism and external preparation and the research literatures in the near 10 years were consulted. The research history, mechanisms for treating dry eye syndrome and the related clinical research progress were summarized. Results CsA Eye Drops appeared in market as the drug RestasisTM. Its action mechanisms for treating dry eye syn-drome include the immunosuppression, antiapoptosis, increasing goblet cell density and the mucin secretion level, and increasing tears flow, etc. Its long term clinical application is safe and effective without systemic adverse reactions, and can significantly improve the dis-comfort symptoms of dry eye syndrome. Conclusion The external preparation of CsA Eye Drops for treating dry eye syndrome has many action mechanisms, its clinical application has good effect and less adverse reactions, which can be used for a long time.%目的：介绍环孢素A滴眼液治疗干眼症的作用机制和相关临床研究进展。方法在数据库检索“环孢素”“环孢素A”“作用机制”“外用制剂”等关键词，查阅近10年的研究文献，并就环孢素A滴眼液的研究历史、治疗干眼症的作用机制和相关临床研究进展进行整理和总结。结果环孢素A滴眼液的上市药物为RestasisTM；其治疗干眼症的作用机制包括免疫抑制、抗细胞凋亡、增加杯状细胞密度和黏蛋白分泌水平及增加眼泪流量等；其临床长期用药安全有效，无全身性不良反应，能明显改善干眼症的不适症状。结论环孢素A滴眼液外用制剂治疗干眼症，具有多种作用机制，临床应用疗效好且不良反应小，可以长期使用。
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