Objective :To study the effects of Taijiquan exercise (TCC ) on cognitive function of college students and analyze a better practice frequency for college students .Methods :Seven‐teen male college students who have been participating in TCC for a long time (more than one year) are in the experimental group .Thirty sedentary male college students are in the control group .We compared the differences of P300 between of them .Furthermore ,Thirty healthy fe‐male college students took part in another study that TCC as a short‐term intervention (six weeks) ,and they were randomly divided into three groups :the first group (n= 10) ,the sec‐ond group (n= 10) and the control group (n= 10) .The participants of the first group and the second group were asked to practice for short term TCC exercise (6 weeks ) .The first group participants practiced TCC 3 times a week (Monday ,Wednesday ,Friday ) .The second group participants practiced TCC 5 times a week (Monday ,Tuesday ,Wednesday ,Thursday ,Friday) . The control group didn’t take practice TCC .The P300 of the participants were recorded sepa‐rately :before the experiment ,in the second week ,in the fourth week and in the sixth week . And the P300 of the first group and the second group were recorded again in the eighth week . Result :The P300 and the time reaction of the long‐term TCC participants was significant short‐ened ( P< 0 .05 ,P< 0 .01 ) .The P300 of the first group did not change significantly ( P>0 .05);The P300 amplitude was significantly increased in the fourth week and in the sixth week (P< 0 .05) .And the Positive effect of P300 amplitude can be maintained for 2 weeks .Conclu‐sion :The TCC exercise can improve cognitive function ;the effects of practicing TCC 5 times a week was better than the 3 times a week .%目的：研究24式太极拳运动（以下简称太极拳）对在校大学生认知功能的影响，探讨有效锻炼的频率。方法：招募17名长期从事太极拳运动的男大学生为实验组（运动年限＞1年），30名久坐男大学生为对照组，比较实验组和对照组P300的差异。另招募30名健康在校女大学生进行短期太极拳运动干预实验（6周），将其随机分为1组（n＝10）、2组（n＝10）和对照组（n＝10）。1组和2组进行6周太极拳运动，其中，1组每周运动3天（周一、周三、周五），2组每周运动5天（周一～周五），对照组不运动。分别于运动前、第2周、第4周和第6周测量受试者 P300，并于实验结束2周后测量1组和2组的 P300。结果：和对照组相比，长期运动组 P300潜伏期和反应时出现显著性缩短（ P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。短期运动1组 P300各指标均未出现显著性差异（ P＞0．05）；2组 P300峰值分别在第4周和第6周出现显著性升高（ P＜0．05），且实验结束2周后 P300峰值没有显著性回落（ P＞0．05）。结论：太极拳运动能提高练习者认知功能；每周运动5次比每周运动3次效果显著。
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