钠离子（ Na＋）和氯离子（ Cl－）不仅参与鱼类体液的渗透压平衡调节，也参与细胞膜静息电位平衡调节，并且鱼类机体内部电解质的稳态也离不开Na＋和Cl－的参与。位于硬骨鱼类鳃、胃肠道以及肾小管上皮细胞膜上的Na＋／钾离子（ K＋）-ATP酶、Na＋-K＋-2Cl－协同转运蛋白、Na＋／氢离子（ H＋）交换蛋白、囊性纤维化跨膜调控子等相关载体蛋白，是鱼类调控Na＋和Cl－代谢的主要调节通道，这些调节通道蛋白的表达直接影响到机体内电解质的平衡。本文综述了与鱼类Na＋和Cl－转运相关的主要载体蛋白的功能、影响其活力的因素及其调控机制等。%Not only Na+and Cl-can participate the regulation of osmotic equilibrium and the balance of resting potential of cell membranes in fish, but the homeostasis of electrolyte in body.In the membrane of epithelial cells among gill, gastrointestinal tract and renal tubule of teleosts, there are Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+-K+-2Cl-co-transporter, Na+/H+exchanger, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and the other transport proteins, those are the main control channels involving in the metabolism of Na+and Cl-.The expression of proteins of these control channels can influence the electrolyte balance directly.This article summarized the function, factors influencing activity changes and regulatory mechanism of the main transport proteins which correlated with the transportation of Na+and Cl-.
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