为观察猪不同生长发育阶段甲状腺的形态学变化,本研究选用大约克夏猪,分别于初生、体质量为20、40、80和100 kg时屠宰.测定甲状腺质量、长度、宽度、增殖细胞数量以及血清中甲状腺素的表达,并对猪的甲状腺石蜡切片进行组织学观察,应用Nikon NIS-Elements Documentation图像分析系统对甲状腺滤泡腔以及滤泡上皮细胞进行形态计量学指标的测量,并在不同生长阶段进行比较分析.结果表明,随着猪的生长发育,甲状腺增殖细胞的数量、甲状腺素的表达以及滤泡腔数密度、上皮细胞高度均逐渐降低；滤泡腔截面积及其等效直径、滤泡腔截面积密度逐步升高；而上皮细胞核截面积及其等效直径、上皮细胞核数密度变化规律不明显.相关分析表明,血清中FT3的表达与甲状腺宽度存在显著的负相关、与上皮细胞高度呈显著正相关;FT4、TT4的表达与体质量、甲状腺质量、甲状腺长度、甲状腺宽度、滤泡腔截面积、滤泡腔截面积等效直径存在显著负相关,与上皮细胞高度以及上皮细胞核数密度存在显著正相关.上述形态学测量结果为深入研究猪甲状腺在不同生长发育阶段所发生的形态学变化提供了准确的定量资料.%To study the morphological changes of the thyroid gland at different growth stages of pigs, the Large Yorkshire pigs at birth, the body weight of 20, 40, 80 and 100 kg were slaughtered, the weight, length, width of thyroid glands were measured, the number of proliferated thyroid cells were counted and the expression of thyroid hormone in serum were analyzed. Meanwhile, the thyroid tissue sections were observed, the morphometric indicators of follicular lumen and follicular epithelial cells of thyroid were measured and analyzed by Nikon NIS-Elements Documentation analysis system. The results showed that the number of proliferating thyroid cells, the expression of thyroid hormone, number density of follicle lumen, height of follicular epithelial cells gradually decreased with the growth of pigs; while the sectional area of follicular lumen, equivalent diameter of sectional area of follicular lumen and density of sectional area of follicular lumen gradually increased; and the variation of sectional area of epithelial cell nuclear, equivalent diameter of epithelial cell nuclear and number density of epithelial cell nuclear were not significant through all the growth stages of pigs. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of FT3 in serum was significantly negatively correlated with the thyroid width, and positively correlated with the height of follicular epithelial cells; while the expression of FT4 and TT4 were signifi-cantly negatively correlated with the body weight, thyroid weight, length of thyroid, width of thyroid, sectional area of follicular lumen, equivalent diameter of sectional area of follicular lumen, and positively correlated with the height of follicular epithelial cells and number density of epithelial cell nuclear. The morphological measurements provide accurate quantitative data for the in-depth study of structural changes at different growth stages in porcine thyroid.
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