ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of small doses of rituximab in the treatment of children with immune thrombocytopenia.MethodSelected 50 cases of children with immune thrombocytopenia from March 2010 to March 2014 in our hospital as the research objects, they were all given small doses of rituximab for treatment, the cumulative total to 375 mg/m2. Observed the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of the children, and analyzed the related factors.ResultIn 50 cases, 32 cases (64%) received treatment response, of which 17 cases (34%) fully reflection, 15 cases (30%) effective. The fully relfection the platelet (PLT) in children with continuous> 50×109/L of the median time of 12.3 (6.0~40.0) months, validly PLT children lasting> 30×109/L median time was 6.0 (2.0~12.0) months. After treatment, the total efifciency of 3 and 6 months was 58%, 64%. 6 cases of children emerge with urticaria, fever and other mild adverse reactions. Platelet membrane glycoproteins GPⅡb/Ⅲa antibody positive children had higher total effective rate (P<0.05).ConclusionSmall doses of rituximab efifcacy and tolerability in the treatment of children with persistent and chronic ITP is better, the curative efifcacy of the children who are platelet membrane glycoproteins GPⅡ b/Ⅲ antibody positive is better.%目的：探讨小剂量利妥昔单抗治疗儿童免疫性血小板减少症（immune thrombocytopenia，ITP）的临床效果和用药安全性。方法选取2010年3月至2014年3月本院收治的50例免疫性血小板减少症患儿为研究对象，均给予小剂量利妥昔单抗治疗，累计总量至375 mg/m2，观察患儿治疗效果、不良反应发生情况，并分析影响疗效的相关因素。结果50例患儿中，32例（64%）获得治疗反应，其中17例（34%）完全反应，15例（30%）有效。获得完全反应患儿血小板（PLT）持续＞50×109/L的中位时间为12.3（6.0～40.0）个月，获得有效患儿PLT持续＞30×109/L的中位时间为6.0（2.0～12.0）个月。治疗后3、6个月总有效率分别为58%、64%。6例患儿出现荨麻疹、发热等轻微不良反应。血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体阳性患儿有较高的总有效率（P＜0.05）。结论小剂量利妥昔单抗治疗持续性和慢性ITP疗效、患儿耐受性均较好，血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体阳性患儿疗效较好。
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