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毒性病理学家在基因组和后基因组时代的作用

         

摘要

Objective: To briefly introduce the role of the toxicologic pathologist in the genomic and post-genomic era, with the purpose to enhance the awareness of the importance of toxicity pathology in the ifeld of nonclinical safety evaluation of drugs and provide some references for toxicity pathologists in the genome era and the post-genomic era to master new technologies and develop fresh perspectives of China. Methods:Firstly, the paper brielfy introduced the method of dividing pre-genomic era, genomic era, and post-genomic era. Secondly, the papers reviewed the biomedical and tocicological events of each era. Finally, the paper also illustrated the role of the toxicologic pathologist during each era. Results:The pre-genomic era began around the year 1900 and ended in 1990. Genomc era started in the year 1990 and will end in 2050. Post-genomic era will begin in 2050. The biomedical and tocicological events of the pre-genomic era were two-year rodent cancer bioassay and its alternative approaches as well as short-term animal models. The biomedical and tocicological events of the genomic era were as follows:the cloning of the sheep, Dolly;completeness of the human genome project;sequencing of the human and the mouse genome;active research using stem cells;transgenic mouse bioassays;establishment of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH);the“omics”technologies;high throughput screening of chemicals;and the building of predictive toxicology, etc. The biomedical and tocicological events of the post-genomic era will include entire genomes from multiple species, data from thousands of robotic high throughput chemical screenings as well as genetic toxicity and chemical structure-activity relationships in different databases and in silico predictive toxicology;conifrmation in intact mammalian animal models in vivo, etc. The pre-genomic era was a time when toxicologic pathologists played a major role in drug development. Toxicologic pathologists can combine pathology and toxicology with emerging technologies data and play an increasing role in drug discovery, toxicology research and safety assessment team works in the genome era. The toxicologic pathologists in the post-genomic era will be the best scientists to conifrm the data mining and predict the probabilities of safety or adverse consequences. Conclusion:The paper gave a brief introduction to the role of the toxicologic pathologist in the genomic and post-genomic era, with the purpose to enhance the awareness of the importance of toxicity pathology in the ifeld of nonclinical safety evaluation of drugs and provide some references for toxicity pathologists in the genome era and the post-genomic era to master new technologies and develop fresh perspectives of China.%目的:介绍毒性病理学家在基因组和基因组后时代的作用,目的是提高非临床药物安全性评价领域对毒性病理学重要性的认识,并为我国毒性病理学家在基因组和后基因组时代掌握新技术、开拓新视野提供一定参考。方法:首先,介绍了前基因组时代、基因组时代以及后基因组时代的划分方法;其次,介绍了每个时代特征性的生物医学和毒理学事件;最后,介绍了毒性病理学家在每个时代的作用。结果:前基因组时代是指1900-1990年,基因组时代是指1990-2050年,后基因组时代是指2050年以后的时间。前基因组时代特征性的生物医学和毒理学事件是啮齿类动物的致癌实验及替代方法和动物模型;基因组时代特征性的生物医学和毒理学事件是克隆羊多莉的诞生、人类基因组计划的完成、人类基因组和小鼠基因组测序的完成、干细胞研究、利用转基因小鼠进行生物检测、建立国际协调会议、“组学”技术的应用、化学品的高通量筛选技术、预测毒理学的建立;后基因组时代特征性的生物医学和毒理学事件是多个物种的基因组信息、自动化高通量化学筛选数据以及遗传毒性和化学结构-活性关系存在于多个数据库中,并可通过计算机算法进行预测,进一步在完整的哺乳类动物体内模型进行验证。前基因组时代毒性病理学家对药物开发发挥了重要作用;基因组时代毒性病理学家可将病理学和毒理学知识和新兴的技术相结合,并在药物开发、毒理学研究和安全评价的团队工作中发挥越来越大的作用;后基因组时代毒性病理学家是确认数据挖掘和安全性或不良后果的概率预测最适合的科学家。结论:本文介绍了毒性病理学家在基因组时代和基因组后时代的作用,有助于提高非临床药物安全性评价领域对毒性病理学重要性的认识,并为我国毒性病理学家在基因组时代和后基因组时代掌握新技术、开拓新视野提供了一定参考。

著录项

  • 来源
    《中国药事》 |2016年第11期|1147-1155|共9页
  • 作者单位

    中国食品药品检定研究院国家药物安全评价监测中心;

    药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室;

    北京100176;

    中国食品药品检定研究院国家药物安全评价监测中心;

    药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室;

    北京100176;

    中国食品药品检定研究院国家药物安全评价监测中心;

    药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室;

    北京100176;

    中国食品药品检定研究院国家药物安全评价监测中心;

    药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室;

    北京100176;

    中国食品药品检定研究院国家药物安全评价监测中心;

    药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室;

    北京100176;

    中国食品药品检定研究院国家药物安全评价监测中心;

    药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室;

    北京100176;

    中国食品药品检定研究院国家药物安全评价监测中心;

    药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室;

    北京100176;

    中国食品药品检定研究院;

    北京100050;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类 生物材料学;药物鉴定;
  • 关键词

    毒性病理学家; 基因组时代; 后基因组时代; 非临床药物安全性评价; 作用;

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