耕地是粮食生产的根本和载体.近年来,在中国粮食连年增产的同时,耕地资源环境面临着多重挑战,高强度利用和长期高负荷运转使耕地得不到休养生息,耕地地力严重透支,耕地质量退化、耕地污染尤为突出,严重制约了中国农业可持续发展.科学推进耕地轮作休耕制度,提升耕地综合生产能力,是探索藏粮于地、藏粮于技的具体实现途径,对推动中国农业绿色发展和保障国家粮食安全具有重要战略意义.文章在剖析国内外耕地轮作休耕实践与发展的基础上,战略性地提出了探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点问题的研究重点和目标,包括调研中国重点关注区域适于轮作休耕的耕地资源现状与区划,探讨重点关注区域耕地实施轮作休耕的技术路径、建立重点区域耕地轮作休耕制度试点体制机制等.为实现“十三五”国家农业转型发展,保障粮食生产能力和国家粮食安全提供重要咨询建议.%Farmland is fundamental to grain production.Recently,as the grain output increased year by year,resources and environment faced with multiple challenges.The farmland is high-intensity used,seriously overdrawn,deteriorated,and polluted,which severely restrict the agricultural sustainable development in China.It is a specific way to realize the implementation of a food crop production strategy based on farmland management and the application of technology by carrying out farmland rotation and fallow system to expand overall farmland production capacity,which has a strategic significance on promoting the development of green agriculture and guaranteeing national food security.This paper analyses the advancements and practices on farmland rotation and fallow system in and abroad,and put forward the research priorities and objectives on exploring pilot program of farmland rotation and fallow system.Including investigating farmland resources and regionalization suitable for rotation and fallow in key areas,discussing technological approaches to implement farmland rotation and fallow system in key areas,and establishing systems and mechanisms for exploring pilot program of farmland rotation and fallow system.All is to provide consultation for realizing agricultural transition in the 13th Five-Year Plan and assuring grain production capacity and national food security.
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