In recent years, the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai has become increasingly serious. PAHs continuously accumulates in the environmental medium of Shanghai, threatening the residents’ health. To study the potential health risk of organic pollutants of PAHs on the residents in Shanghai City, we have adopted a multi-medium & multi-approach exposure model in combination with the population health status in Shanghai to assess the exposure of Shanghai residents in PAHs and consequent health risks, analyze the risk contribution rate of different environmental media, exposure media and exposure approaches, and analyze the uncertainty during the research process through Monte Carlo method. In actual evaluation, according to Shanghai’s practical conditions, we have chosen part of the parameters recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency and revised the rest parameters based on relevant domestic articles so as to make the exposure model more approximate to the real exposure situation in Shanghai and to enhance the model’s accuracy and consistency. The results show that: The average daily exposure of children, teenagers and adults to the 16 PAH compounds (PAH16) are 1.27×10-3 mg·kg-1·d-1, 8.90×10-4 mg·kg-1·d-1, and 7.49×10-4 mg·kg-1·d-1 respectively. Dietary intake was the major route of human exposure and moreover, respiratory exposure also occupied a certain proportion;however, the effect of skin exposure was inconspicuous. The foods that contribute the most to the total diet exposure are grain, meat and fish. Polycyclic compounds mainly come from meat and fish. The contribution of two-membered ring, three-membered ring, four-membered ring, five-membered ring and six-membered ring to the total exposure successively decrease. The results of health risk assessment show that the average carcinogenic risk of children, teenagers and adults in Shanghai caused by PAHs are 7.20×10-6 a-1, 6.13×10-6 a-1, and 4.44×10-6 a-1 respectively. The residents’ health risk is higher than the acceptable health risk standard. And the exposure of women to PAHs is higher than that of men in Shanghai. Women’s average health risk value is also higher than the EPA standard value. There existed some differences of population exposed to PAHs in Shanghai compared to Tianjin, Beijing and Lanzhou. In various parameters, the grain and vegetable intake, the residual concentration of (PAHs) are important factors affecting exposure. By Monte Carlo simulation, distribution characteristics of the daily (PAHs) exposure in people of all ages were obtained. All output variables were consistent with the lognormal distribution.%为研究上海市多环芳烃类有机污染物对人体产生的潜在健康危害风险，结合上海市人群状况，采用多介质-多途径暴露模型，评价上海市居民暴露于多环芳烃的暴露量及由此导致的健康风险，分析不同环境介质、暴露介质及暴露途径的风险贡献率，并结合蒙特卡罗方法分析研究过程中的不确定性。在实际评价时，根据上海市的实际情况，我们选用了部分美国环保局推荐参数，剩余的评价参数根据国内的相关文献，我们进行了修正，以使暴露模型更较好的接近上海市真实暴露场景，提高模拟的准确度和精密度。结果表明：儿童、青少年和成人对16种PAH化合物（PAH16）的日均暴露量分别为1.27×10-3、8.90×10-4、7.49×10-4 mg·kg-1·d-1，主要暴露途径是膳食暴露，此外呼吸暴露也占有一定的比重，皮肤暴露作用很小。膳食暴露中对总暴露贡献最大的食品是粮食、肉类、鱼类。高环化合物主要来自肉类和鱼类。2环、3环、4环、5环和6环化合物对总暴露谱的贡献依次减少。健康风险评价结果表明，上海市儿童、青少年和成人由于 PAHs 暴露引起的平均致癌风险为7.20×10-6、6.13×10-6、4.44×10-6 a-1，上海市多环芳烃类污染物居民人体健康风险度高于可接受健康风险度标准。上海市女性对多环芳烃的暴露量高于男性，女性健康风险平均值亦高于EPA标准值。上海市多环芳烃人群暴露与天津、北京和兰州相比存在一定的差异。各项参数中，粮食、蔬菜摄食量和相应的多环芳烃（PAHs）残留浓度是影响暴露的重要因素。通过蒙特卡罗模拟得到各年龄段人群对多环芳烃（PAHs）的日均暴露量的分布特征，各输出变量均服从对数正态分布。
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