目的 探讨学龄前儿童母亲育儿意识和行为的影响因素.方法 自行编制《社区育儿环境评估量表》《母亲育儿意识和行为量表》《母亲育儿援助需求量表》,并分析3个量表的信度和效度.随机抽取京津地区10所幼儿园3～6岁儿童的母亲1470名,采用自编量表进行调查,分析母亲育儿意识和行为的影响因素.结果 3个量表各维度的重测信度系数、Cronbachα系数均大于0.7(均P<0.05);3个量表各公因子的累计贡献率均超过50％;3个量表各维度间的相关系数均小于各维度与总分间的相关系数.多因素分析结果显示,母亲"以孩子为中心"和"对丈夫不满"的意识分别与育儿过程中出现的消极行为、积极行为互相影响(均P<0.05);社区育儿环境的得分与各因变量得分呈负相关,而人力物力援助需求的得分与母亲育儿疲惫感、"以孩子为中心"及"对丈夫不满"的意识得分呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 社区育儿环境的健全和父亲积极参与家庭育儿对母亲育儿意识及行为有重要的作用.%Objective To explore the influencing factors of parenting consciousness and behavior in mothers of preschool children. Methods The Community Parenting Environment Assessment Scale,the Maternal Parenting Consciousness and Behavior Scale, and the Maternal Demands for Parenting Support Scale were designed by authors, and the reliability and validity of the 3 scales were analyzed. A random sampling of 1470 mothers of children aged 3 to 6 years from 10 kindergartens in Beijing and Tianjin was carried out,and a survey was conducted using the self-designed scales to analyze the influencing factors of maternal parenting consciousness and behavior. Results The coefficient of retest reliability and the Cronbach's α coefficient in each dimension of the three scales were greater than 0. 7 (all P<0. 05). The cumulative contribution rate of each common factor of the three scales was over 50％. In the three scales,the correlation coefficients among all dimensions were less than those between the dimensions and the total scores. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the maternal consciousness of 'to focus on children' and 'discontent with husband' mutually affected the incidence of negative behavior and positive behavior,respectively,in parenting process(all P<0. 05). The scores for community parenting environment negatively correlated with the dependent variable scores,while the scores for demands for human and material resources positively correlated with the scores for parenting fatigue and consciousness of 'to focus on children' and ' discontent with husband' of the mothers(P <0. 05). Conclusion The improvement of community parenting environment,as well as active participation of father in family parenting,plays an important role in maternal parenting consciousness and behavior.
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