了解和掌握武汉市3-6岁幼儿体质健康现状和变化规律。采用文献资料法、测量法、数理统计法分别从性别、年龄、城乡三个方面对武汉市948名幼儿进行研究分析。结果显示：男幼儿的身高、体重、胸围、坐高4项身体形态指标显著高于女幼儿,而且男女幼儿的4项指标均随着年龄的增长有显著性增加;乡村幼儿的坐高显著高于城镇幼儿的坐高;在身体机能指标安静心率上,3岁幼儿的安静心率显著高于4-6岁幼儿,乡村幼儿的安静心率要显著低于城镇幼儿;在身体素质指标中,立定跳远、网球掷远、坐位体前屈、10m折返跑、走平衡木完成时间和双脚连续跳在年龄上均存在显著性差异;走平衡木完成时间在性别上不存在显著性差异,其余5项指标均在性别上差异显著;立定跳远和坐位体前屈不存在城乡上的差异,其余4项指标均存在城乡上的差异,且差异显著。不同性别、年龄和城乡幼儿的体质现状存在显著性差异,3-6岁幼儿的体质发展存在关键期。%Objective To understand and master the physical fitness condition and changing of children who are 3 to 6 years that lived in Wuhan.Methods Analysising 948 children from Wuhan in terms of genders,ages and areas based on literature,measurement method and mathematical statistics method.Results Boys' height,body weight,chest circumference and sitting height are both significantly higher than girls',and these four indexes have significantly increased with age increasing.Rural children's sitting height significantly higher than the town's.In the body function index,3 years old children's quiet heart rate is significantly higher than that of 4-6 years old children's.Rural children's quiet heart rate is significantly lower than the town's.In the physical quality index,tennis far throw,sitting trunk flexion,10 meters shuttle run,balance beam walk and two feet successive leaps are significant differences in ages.Balance beam walk doesn't have significant differences between genders,but the other five indexes have.Standing long jump and sitting trunk flexion don't have significant differences between areas,but the other four indexes have.Conclusions Children from different genders,ages,and areas have significant differences in their physical fitness condition,and there exists critical period in 3-6 years old children's physical development.
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