目的 基于9个CODIS STR基因座(CSFIPO、FGA、THOI、TPOX、vWA、D3S1358、D5S818、D7S820和D13S317)分型数据,探寻云南地区10个主要少数民族的遗传分化及基因流动特征.方法 计算出各基因座的杂合度和分化指标F、θ、f和Gst.分别采用Phylip 3.6和Arlequin 3.0软件计算DA遗传距离和固定指数Fst.进而采用Mega 3.0软件构建系统发生树,最后应用R矩阵模型分析民族间的基因流动.结果 10个少数民族平均杂合度多大于0.7,分化检验显示在大多数基因座群体间都有显著性差异.系统发生树分析表明10个民族分为两大支,R矩阵分析表明彝族和傣族比其他民族有更多的基因流动,独龙族基因流动呈现出一定的隔离性.结论 在法医鉴定中常用的9个STR基因座位点具有丰富的多态性,杂合度可以用于少数民族群体的遗传分化和基因流动分析.云南10个少数民族属于独立民族,分化程度一般.各民族间进化关系上较近,存在广泛的基因交流.%Objective To explore the features of genetic differentiation and gene flow of ten minorities in Yunnan province according to nine CODIS short tandem repeat(STR) loci (CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820 and D13S317). Methods Heterozygosity and parameters of population differentiation such as F, θ, f and Gst at each locus were calculated. DA genetic distance and fixation index F were calculated by Phylip 3.6 and Arlequin 3.0 software, respectively. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by Mega 3.0, and the patterns of gene flow were analyzed by R-matrix model. Results It showed that average genetic heterogeneity in ten minorities was above 0.7. Significant difference was found for most of the loci in genetic differentiation. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the ten minorities were divided into two clusters. The results of the R-matrix analysis showed that the gene flow of Yi and Dai minorities were higher than that of other minorities, while the pattern of gene flow of Dulong minority demonstrated some of the isolation. Conclusion Nine STR loci commonly used in forensic identification show a high polymorphism. Heterozygosity can be used for investigating genetic differentiation and gene flow of minority. The ten minorities in Yunnan are independent populations, while the level of differentiation is not high. The relationship in evolution is not far from each other and shows a widely gene flow among the minorities.
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