目的：探究不同年龄段兔颞下颌关节（TMJ）关节盘、髁突和软骨下骨的生理特征的变化。方法：选取1、4、12和32周龄健康雌性新西兰大白兔各3只，取材TMJ，经脱钙处理后进行5μm 连续切片，苏木精-伊红染色。分别对关节盘大小、髁突前后径，以及关节盘所对应软骨下骨的形态结构和骨密度进行测量分析。采用SPSS19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：关节盘大小比较，4周组明显大于1周组（P=0.039），12周组明显大于4周组（P=0.007）；髁突前后径在4周和12周组间（P=0.003）显著增加；软骨下骨的形态结构和骨密度在4~32周内（P<0.05）显著改变。结论：兔颞下颌关节关节盘和髁突在青春期前生长发育明显；髁突软骨下骨的形态结构和骨密度在4周时开始出现明显改变。虽然青少年期和成年期兔髁突大小没有统计学差异，但是两者软骨下骨的骨质密度差异明显。%Objective:To study the age-related changes of articular disc, condyle and subchondral bone in rabbit temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ). Methods:Three New Zealand rabbit in each group were obtained at the ages of 1-,4-,12-and 32-week, respectively. Animals were sacrificed and TMJ specimen was subjected to histolgical assessment to evaluate about the length of articular disc and condyle and the architecture of subchondral bone. One-way ANOVA using SPSS 19.0 soft-ware package was performed. Results:Articular disc significant elongated from 1-week to 4-week rabbits (P=0.039) and 4-week to 12-week rabbits (P=0.007). The increase of subchondral bone density (P<0.05) occurred from 1- week to 4-week and 4- week to 32- week rabbits respectively. The significant enlargement of condyle length occurred from 4- week to 12-week rabbits (P=0.003). Conclusion:The growth and development potential of the articular disc and the mandibular condyle were promintly before the adolesence. The morphology structure and bone mineral density of subchondral bone changed from 4 to 32 weeks after birth, resulting in the condyle enlargement at first and the increase of bone density after-wards. In additon, there was no significant changes in condylar cartilage between adolescence and adulthood. However, the architecture of the adulthood subchondral bone was much stronger than the adolescence condyle. These provided histologi-cal basis for adulthood mandibular condyle had a stronger adaptive capacity to alteration of pressure microenvironment in temporomandibular joint.
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