以Hyla配套系肉兔为对象,研究不同日龄、性别、部位Hyla兔系肌内脂肪酸组成的动态变化,探讨肉兔生长过程中脂肪酸的沉积规律及营养价值.结果表明:随着日龄的增加,Hyla公兔和母兔背部最长肌(longissimus dorsi,LD)、左后腿肌(left-hindlegmuscle,LL)和腹肌(abdominalmuscle,AM)的肌内总脂肪含量均显著增加(P＜0.05),且AM中含量最高,LL次之,LD最低,公兔整体低于母兔;经气相色谱分析,共鉴定出21种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸(unsaturated fatty acids,UFA)的含量丰富,尤其是长链(C2022)多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA);随着Hyla兔的生长,3个部位肌内脂肪的PUFA/SFA值、n-6 PUFA含量及n-3 PUFA含量显著下降(P＜0.05),n-6/n-3值因日龄、性别和部位的差异有着不同的动态变化,比值范围为6.58.5;经偏最小二乘回归分析可知,日龄、性别与部位均能够显著影响Hyla兔系肌内脂肪酸组成,其中,幼龄公兔LL脂肪酸组成更优,而成年母兔LD更适宜加工.%This paper examined the changes in intramuscular fatty acid composition in Hyla rabbit with age, gender and muscle type in order to understand the deposition pattern of fatty acids and nutritional value of Hyla rabbit during the growth period. The results showed that the total intramuscular lipid content of longissimus dorsi (LD), left-hind leg muscle (LL) and abdominal muscle (AM) were significantly increased with age for both male and female Hyla rabbits (P ＜ 0.05). Besides, AM showed the highest content of intramuscular lipids, followed by LL and LD, and the intramuscular lipid content of three muscles were overall higher in female than in male rabbits. By gas chromatography (GC) analysis, 21 intramuscular fatty acids were identified. Among them, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were found to be predominant, especially long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20-22 PUFA). PUFA/SFA ratio and the percentage of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05) with age for all three muscles. In addition, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio changed differently with age, gender and muscle type, varying from 6.5 to 8.5. Partial least squares regression analysis showed that all three factors significantly affected the composition of intramuscular fatty acid. LL muscles from juvenile male rabbits had better fatty acid composition, whereas LD muscles from adult female rabbits were more suitable for processing.
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