Structure design method for machining precision of the supporting system is presented on the sen-sitivity analysis, aiming to seek the weak spots of the machine tool rigidity. Based on sensitivity analysis, the topological optimization of the column that has significantly effect on machining precision is developed so that proposes panel and unit design aiming at strain energy of the dynamic and static combination. Subse-quently, considering the tool maximum deformation, weight and natural frequency of the supporting system, size optimization method involved in panel, strengthening rib and unit of the supporting system is estab-lished. Ultimately the rigidity of the supporting system can enhance 5% ~11% under the condition that the weight of the supporting system is not higher than the original plan, this result can verify the effectiveness of the method on sensitivity analysis and structure design of supporting system.%为了高效溯源出机床支承系统的刚性薄弱环节，提出了敏感性分析基础上面向支承系统加工精度的结构设计方法。基于敏感性分析结果，以支承系统加工精度影响明显的立柱为例进行了拓扑优化设计，提出了以静态应变能与静动组合应变能为优化目标响应的壁板与结构单元设计。在此基础上，将该机床的刀尖最大变形量作为优化设计的目标，兼顾支承系统的质量与固有频率，建立了支承系统中涉及立柱外壁板和结构单元的尺度优化设计方法。最后，立式加工中心支承系统在保证质量相对不变的条件下，对比分析了新设计方案与原方案的性能，其结果刚性提高了5%~11%，验证了支承系统敏感性分析方法及结构设计的有效性。
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