黄土高原地区是我国水土流失最严重的地区,定量评价土壤侵蚀量、土壤侵蚀强度及其空间分布特征,可以为水土流失防治措施的制定提供依据.基于遥感和GIS,应用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)对山西中阳县土壤侵蚀进行评价.结果表明,中阳县平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 874.25t/(km2·a),属于中度侵蚀地区,年平均土壤侵蚀量408.78×104 t.发生中度以上土壤侵蚀面积占总面积的29.95％,土壤侵蚀量占总侵蚀量的85.61％,这部分土地是土壤侵蚀防治的主要区域.黄土区发生轻度以上土壤侵蚀面积大,所占比例多,侵蚀程度严重.微度土壤侵蚀面积以有林地为主,轻度和中度土壤侵蚀面积主要是未成林造林地和灌木林地,发生强烈以上土壤侵蚀面积主要是疏林地、未利用地、灌木林地和农田,土地类型、植被覆盖与土壤侵蚀有着密切关系,林业生态工程建设对于中阳县控制水土流失和改善生态环境有着重要作用.%The Loess Plateau is one of the most serious regions suffering from soil and water loss in China. Quantified evaluation of soil erosion amount, soil erosion intensity and spatial distribution provides basis for decision making and action taking of soil and water conservation. Based on remote sensing and GIS, soil erosion amount in Zhongyang County was evaluated using RUSLE. The analyzed results indicated that soil erosion modulus in Zhongy-ang County was 2 874. 25 t/( km ? A) in the category of moderate degree erosion, and soil erosion amount was 408. 78 x 104 t/a. The eroded land above moderate degree accounted for 29. 95% of the total land area, soil erosion amount accounted for 85. 61 % of the total soil erosion amount, and the land was the main area with prevention measure of soil erosion. The eroded land in loess area above mild degree had the biggest land area, the maximum percentage and the most serious erosion degree. The main eroded land above micro degree was forested land, the main eroded land of mild and moderate degree was new afforested land and shrub land, and the main eroded land a-bove strong degree was open forest land, unused land, shrub land and farmland. The results showed close relationship between land cover type, vegetation coverage and soil erosion, and forestry ecological project played an important role in the control of soil and water loss and improvement of ecological environment.
展开▼
