The scientific research for Yangtze River water conservancy was successively developed under the demand of river regulation, which is closely related to the difficult problems in major water conservancy project planning, design, construction, operation and management. The development course of scientific research of Yangtze River water conservancy is briefly reviewed from science and technology support system, major water conservancy project construction and training of science and technology personnel. And then, with the changes of demand of river regulation and progress of research means, the influence of the changes in scientific research object, methods and the application of information on water conservancy research are discussed. Finally, according to the current situation, problems and requirements of scientific research of Yangtze River water conservancy, the future water conservancy technology development direction is put forward.%长江水利科研是在治水治江重大需求驱动下逐渐发展起来的，特别是与重大水利工程的规划、设计、建设、运行和管理过程中出现的科技难题密切相关。从科研发展的重要因素科技支撑体系、重大水利工程建设和科技人才培养等方面回顾了长江水利科研发展历程，在此基础上，讨论随着治水治江需求的变化和科研手段的进步，治水治江科研对象、科研方法和计算机及信息技术应用对于水利科研带来的影响。最后，根据目前长江水利科研面临的新形势、新问题及新要求，提出未来水利科技发展方向，即在解决流域综合管理能力、流域水资源保护及水利工程体系运行和管理中的关键科技问题中进一步发展。
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