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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>British Journal of Pharmacology >Working Smarter Not Harder: Oxytocin Increases Domestic Dogs’ (Canis familiaris) Accuracy, but Not Attempts, on an Object Choice Task
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Working Smarter Not Harder: Oxytocin Increases Domestic Dogs’ (Canis familiaris) Accuracy, but Not Attempts, on an Object Choice Task

机译：更加聪明地工作：催产素提高了对象选择任务上的家犬的准确性，但没有尝试

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The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has been shown to enhance dogs’ ability to perform an object choice task (OCT) involving the use of human pointing cues, when delivered intranasally. This study aimed at further investigating whether OT enhances task performance by increasing choices made, or by increasing correctness of choices made, and to compare these treatment effects to dog appeasing pheromone (DAP), known to balance emotional activation in dogs. Hence, we compared OCT performance between three groups of dogs: (i) dogs administered OT and a sham collar, (ii) dogs administered a saline placebo and a DAP collar, and (iii) control dogs administered a saline placebo and a sham collar. All three groups consisted of a combination of male and female pet dogs and assistance-dogs-in-training currently living with a volunteer carer. The study also evaluated the effect of intranasal OT and/or DAP on plasma levels of OT, and prolactin; which has previously been linked with anxiety in dogs. The dogs’ emotional state was measured using the Emotional Disorders Evaluation in Dogs (EDED) scale. The owners’/carers’ degree of anxious- and avoidant-style attachment to their dogs was accessed using the Pet Attachment Questionnaire (PAQ). Interesting descriptive data appeared for both treatment groups. Particularly, in OT group, we obtained significant results demonstrating that intranasal OT enhances OCT performance in dogs compared to control, by increasing the percentage of correct choices, but not the number of choices, made. Results also support that the mode of action of intranasal OT is via direct access to the brain and not via the blood, since no elevation of plasma OT (or prolactin) levels were observed after intranasal administration in this study. Similarly, DAP application did not significantly alter OT or prolactin peripheral concentrations. Several differences were observed between fostered and pet dogs, namely: fostered dogs demonstrated higher levels of serum prolactin, made more choices on the OCT compared to pet dogs but were not more likely to be correct, and were fostered by carers with higher avoidant attachment scores than pet dog owners. These findings implicate consideration of potential carer and training consequences for assistance dogs.
机译：已经证明，神经肽催产素（OT）可以在鼻内递送时增强狗的能力，从而可以执行涉及使用人类指示线索的对象选择任务（OCT）。这项研究旨在进一步研究OT是否通过增加做出的选择或通过增加做出的选择的正确性来增强任务绩效，并将这些治疗效果与已知的平衡狗情绪激活的狗安抚性信息素（DAP）进行比较。因此，我们比较了三组狗的OCT性能：（i）给予OT和假领的狗，（ii）给予生理盐水安慰剂和DAP项圈的狗，（iii）对照狗给予生理盐水安慰剂和假项圈的狗。这三组动物均由雄性和雌性宠物狗以及目前与志愿照料者一起生活的训练辅助犬组成。这项研究还评估了鼻内OT和/或DAP对血浆OT和催乳素水平的影响。以前与狗的焦虑症有关。使用狗的情绪障碍评估（EDED）量表测量狗的情绪状态。使用宠物依恋调查表（PAQ）可以了解主人/照护者对狗的焦虑和回避型依恋程度。两个治疗组都出现了有趣的描述性数据。特别地，在OT组中，我们获得了显着的结果，表明鼻内OT通过增加正确选择的百分比（而不是选择的数量）来提高狗的OCT性能（与对照组相比）。结果还支持鼻内OT的作用方式是通过直接进入大脑而不是通过血液，因为在本研究中鼻内给药后未观察到血浆OT（或催乳素）水平升高。同样，DAP的施用也不会显着改变OT或催乳素的外周浓度。在寄养犬和宠物犬之间观察到了几种差异，即：与宠物犬相比，寄养犬的血清催乳素水平更高，在OCT上做出了更多选择，但不太可能是正确的，并且是由回避依恋得分较高的看护人寄养的比宠物狗的主人这些发现暗示了对辅助犬的潜在照顾者和训练后果的考虑。

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