The origins of our current understanding of control of transcription elongation lie in pioneering experiments that mapped RNA polymerase II on viral and cellular genes. These studies first uncovered the surprising excess of polymerase molecules that we now know to be situated at the at the 5′ ends of most genes in multicellular organisms. The pileup of pol II near transcription start sites reflects a ubiquitous bottle-neck that limits elongation right at the start of the transcription elongation. Subsequent seminal work identified conserved protein factors that positively and negatively control the flux of polymerase through this bottle-neck, and make a major contribution to control of gene expression.
展开▼
机译：我们目前对转录延伸控制的了解的起源在于将RNA聚合酶II定位在病毒和细胞基因上的开创性实验。这些研究首先发现了令人惊讶的过量聚合酶分子，我们现在知道它们位于多细胞生物中大多数基因的5'末端。 pol II在转录起始位点附近的堆积反映了一个普遍存在的瓶颈，它在转录伸长开始时就限制了伸长。随后的开创性工作确定了保守的蛋白质因子，这些因子积极地和消极地控制了通过该瓶颈的聚合酶的流量，并为控制基因表达做出了重要贡献。
展开▼
