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New Insights in the Cytogenetic Practice: Karyotypic Chaos Non-Clonal Chromosomal Alterations and Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer and Therapy Response

机译:细胞遗传学实践的新见解:人类癌症和治疗反应中的核型混沌非克隆性染色体改变和染色体不稳定

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摘要

Recently, non-clonal chromosomal alterations previously unappreciated are being proposed to be included in cytogenetic practice. The aim of this inclusion is to obtain a greater understanding of chromosomal instability (CIN) and tumor heterogeneity and their role in cancer evolution and therapy response. Although several genetic assays have allowed the evaluation of the variation in a population of cancer cells, these assays do not provide information at the level of individual cells, therefore limiting the information of the genomic diversity within tumors (heterogeneity). The karyotype is one of the few available cytogenetic techniques that allow us not only to identify the chromosomal alterations present within a single cell, but also allows us to profile both clonal (CCA) and non-clonal chromosomal alterations (NCCAs). A greater understanding of CIN and tumor heterogeneity in cancer could not only improve existing therapeutic regimens but could also be used as targets for the design of new therapeutic approaches. In this review we indicate the importance and significance of karyotypic chaos, NCCAs and CIN in the prognosis of human cancers.
机译:最近,提议将以前未曾认识到的非克隆染色体改变包括在细胞遗传学实践中。纳入的目的是为了更好地了解染色体不稳定性(CIN)和肿瘤异质性及其在癌症演变和治疗反应中的作用。尽管几种遗传测定允许评估癌细胞群体中的变异,但是这些测定不能在单个细胞水平上提供信息,因此限制了肿瘤内基因组多样性的信息(异质性)。核型是为数不多的可用的细胞遗传学技术之一,它不仅使我们能够鉴定单个细胞中存在的染色体改变,而且使我们能够分析克隆(CCA)和非克隆染色体改变(NCCA)。对癌症中CIN和肿瘤异质性的更深入了解不仅可以改善现有的治疗方案,还可以用作设计新治疗方法的目标。在这篇综述中,我们指出了核型混乱,NCCAs和CIN在人类癌症预后中的重要性和意义。

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