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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Dynamics of geologic CO2 storage and plume motion revealed by seismic coda waves
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Dynamics of geologic CO2 storage and plume motion revealed by seismic coda waves

机译：地震尾波揭示的地质CO2储存和羽流动力学

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Quantifying the dynamics of sequestered CO2 plumes is critical for safe long-term storage, providing guidance on plume extent, and detecting stratigraphic seal failure. However, existing seismic monitoring methods based on wave reflection or transmission probe a limited rock volume and their sensitivity decreases as CO2 saturation increases, decreasing their utility in quantitative plume mass estimation. Here we show that seismic scattering coda waves, acquired during continuous borehole monitoring, are able to illuminate details of the CO2 plume during a 74-h CO2 injection experiment at the Frio-II well Dayton, TX. Our study reveals a continuous velocity reduction during the dynamic injection of CO2, a result that augments and dramatically improves upon prior analyses based on P-wave arrival times. We show that velocity reduction is nonlinearly correlated with the injected cumulative CO2 mass and attribute this correlation to the fact that coda waves repeatedly sample the heterogeneous distribution of cumulative CO2 in the reservoir zone. Lastly, because our approach does not depend on P-wave arrival times or require well-constrained wave reflections it can be used with many source–receiver geometries including those external to the reservoir, which reduces the risk introduced by in-reservoir monitoring wells. Our results provide an approach for quantitative CO2 monitoring and plume evolution that increases safety and long-term planning for CO2 injection and storage.
机译：量化隔离的二氧化碳羽流的动力学对于安全长期存储，为羽流范围提供指导并检测地层密封失效至关重要。但是，现有的基于波反射或透射的地震监测方法只能探测有限的岩石体积，并且随着CO2饱和度的增加，其灵敏度也会降低，从而降低了其在定量羽流质量估算中的效用。在这里，我们表明，在连续的井眼监测过程中采集到的地震散射尾波能够在德克萨斯州代顿Frio-II井的74小时二氧化碳注入实验中照亮二氧化碳羽流的细节。我们的研究揭示了动态注入CO2期间速度持续降低，这一结果在基于P波到达时间的先前分析中得到了增强和显着改善。我们显示出速度降低与注入的累积CO2质量非线性相关，并将这种相关性归因于以下事实：尾波反复采样储层中累积CO2的非均质分布。最后，由于我们的方法不依赖于P波到达时间，也不需要严格限制的波反射，因此可以用于许多源－接收器几何结构，包括储层外部的几何结构，从而降低了由储层内部监测井引入的风险。我们的结果提供了一种定量的CO2监测和羽流演化的方法，可提高安全性和CO2注入和储存的长期规划。

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