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Carry-over body mass effect from winter to breeding in a resident seabird the little penguin

机译:从冬天到在常驻海鸟小企鹅中繁殖的体重效应

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摘要

Using body mass and breeding data of individual penguins collected continuously over 7 years (2002–2008), we examined carry-over effects of winter body mass on timing of laying and breeding success in a resident seabird, the little penguin (Eudyptula minor). The austral winter month of July consistently had the lowest rate of colony attendance, which confirmed our expectation that penguins work hard to find resources at this time between breeding seasons. Contrary to our expectation, body mass in winter (July) was equal or higher than in the period before (‘moult-recovery’) and after (‘pre-breeding’) in 5 of 7 years for males and in all 7 years for females. We provided evidence of a carry-over effect of body mass from winter to breeding; females and males with higher body mass in winter were more likely to breed early and males with higher body mass in winter were likely to breed successfully. Sex differences might relate to sex-specific breeding tasks, where females may use their winter reserves to invest in egg-laying, whereas males use their winter reserves to sustain the longer fasts ashore during courtship. Our findings suggest that resident seabirds like little penguins can also benefit from a carry-over effect of winter body mass on subsequent breeding.
机译:利用连续7年(2002-2008年)连续收集的个别企鹅的体重和繁殖数据,我们研究了冬季体重对常驻海鸟小企鹅(Eudyptula minor)的繁殖和繁殖时间的影响。 7月的南方冬季始终是殖民地出勤率最低的一年,这证实了我们的期望,即在繁殖季节之间的这段时间,企鹅会努力寻找资源。与我们的预期相反,男性的7年中的冬季(7月)中的体重等于或高于男性(7年中的5年)和男性7年中的整个年龄(“繁殖前”)。女性。我们提供了从冬季到繁殖体重对体重的影响的证据。冬季体重较高的雌性和雄性较容易早期繁殖,冬季体重较高的雄性则可能成功繁殖。性别差异可能与特定性别的育种任务有关,在雌性中,雌性可能利用其冬季储备来进行产卵的投资,而雄性则利用其冬季储备来维持恋爱期间上岸较长的禁食。我们的发现表明,像小企鹅一样的常驻海鸟也可以从冬季体重对后续繁殖的残留效应中受益。

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