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Using Visual Aids to Improve Communication of Risks about Health: A Review

机译:使用视觉辅助手段改善健康风险交流:回顾

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摘要

Recent research has shown that patients frequently experience difficulties understanding health-relevant numerical concepts. A prominent example is denominator neglect, or the tendency to pay too much attention to numerators in ratios (e.g., number of treated patients who died) with insufficient attention to denominators (e.g., overall number of treated patients). Denominator neglect can lead to inaccurate assessments of treatment risk reduction and thus can have important consequences for decisions about health. Here, we reviewed a series of studies investigating (1) different factors that can influence patients' susceptibility to denominator neglect in medical decision making—including numerical or language-related abilities; (2) the extent to which denominator neglect can be attenuated by using visual aids; and (3) a factor that moderates the effectiveness of such aids (i.e., graph literacy). The review spans probabilistic national U.S. and German samples, as well as immigrant (i.e., Polish people living in the United Kingdom) and undergraduate samples in Spain. Theoretical and prescriptive implications are discussed.
机译:最近的研究表明,患者经常会在理解与健康相关的数字概念时遇到困难。一个明显的例子是分母被忽视,或者倾向于过度关注分子的比例(例如死亡的治疗患者数)而对分母(例如治疗患者总数)的关注不足。忽略分母会导致对降低治疗风险的评估不准确,从而可能对健康决策产生重要影响。在这里,我们回顾了一系列研究,这些研究调查(1)可能影响患者医疗决策中忽略分母的易感性的各种因素,包括数字或语言相关的能力; (2)使用视觉辅助工具可减轻分母忽略的程度; (3)降低此类辅助工具的有效性的因素(即图素养)。该审查涵盖了概率性的美国和德国国家样本以及移民(即居住在英国的波兰人)和西班牙的本科样本。理论和规范意义进行了讨论。

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