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Effects of the lateral amplitude and regularity of upper body fluctuation on step time variability evaluated using return map analysis

机译：使用返回图分析评估上身波动的横向幅度和规律性对步长时间变异性的影响

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摘要

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the lateral amplitude and regularity of upper body fluctuation on step time variability. Return map analysis was used to clarify the relationship between step time variability and a history of falling. Eleven healthy, community-dwelling older adults and twelve younger adults participated in the study. All of the subjects walked 25 m at a comfortable speed. Trunk acceleration was measured using triaxial accelerometers attached to the third lumbar vertebrae (L3) and the seventh cervical vertebrae (C7). The normalized average magnitude of acceleration, the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of the return map, and the step time variabilities, were calculated. Cluster analysis using the average fluctuation and the regularity of C7 fluctuation identified four walking patterns in the mediolateral (ML) direction. The participants with higher fluctuation and lower regularity showed significantly greater step time variability compared with the others. Additionally, elderly participants who had fallen in the past year had higher amplitude and a lower regularity of fluctuation during walking. In conclusion, by focusing on the time evolution of each step, it is possible to understand the cause of stride and/or step time variability that is associated with a risk of falls.
机译：这项研究的目的是评估上身波动的横向幅度和规律性对阶跃时间变异性的影响。使用返回图分析来阐明步长时间变异性和跌倒历史之间的关系。十一名健康的社区居民老年人和十二名年轻的成年人参加了这项研究。所有对象均以舒适的速度行走25 m。使用附接到第三块腰椎（L3）和第七块颈椎（C7）的三轴加速度计测量躯干加速度。计算归一化的平均加速度幅度，返回映射的确定系数（$ R ^ 2 $）和步长时间变异性。使用平均波动和C7波动的规律性进行聚类分析，确定了在中外侧（ML）方向上的四个行走模式。与其他参与者相比，波动较大且规律性较低的参与者表现出明显更大的步距时间变异性。此外，在过去一年中摔倒的老年参与者，其行走过程中的振幅更大，波动规律性更低。总之，通过关注每个步骤的时间演变，可以了解与跌倒风险相关的步幅和/或步骤时间变化的原因。

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