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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Springer Open Choice >Developments in breeding of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus: progress made and technical and legal hurdles to take
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Developments in breeding of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus: progress made and technical and legal hurdles to take

机译：双孢蘑菇的育种进展。双孢子虫：取得的进展以及技术和法律上的障碍

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True breeding of button mushrooms has hardly been done in the last decades, despite this species being one of the most cultivated mushrooms worldwide. Research done in the last 20 years has identified and characterised new germplasm and improved our understanding of the genetic base for some traits. A substantial collection of wild-collected strains is now available and partly characterised for a number of important traits such as disease resistance and yield. Most of the variations found in a number of important agronomic traits have a considerable heritability and are thus useful for breeding. Genetic marker technology has also developed considerably for this mushrooms in the last decade and used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important agronomic traits. This progress has, except for one example, not resulted so far into new commercially varieties. One of the reasons lies in the typical life cycle of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus which hampers breeding. Joint investment is needed to solve technical problems in breeding. Special attention is needed for the protection of new varieties. Due to its typical life cycle, it is very easy to generate so called “look-a-likes” from protected cultivars by screening fertile single spore cultures. A consensus has been reached within the mushroom (breeding) industry to consider this method as the generation of essentially derived varieties as defined in plant breeding.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00253-017-8102-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
机译：在过去的几十年中，纽扣蘑菇几乎没有真正的繁殖过，尽管该物种是全世界种植最多的蘑菇之一。在过去的20年中进行的研究已经鉴定并鉴定了新种质，并增进了我们对某些性状遗传基础的理解。现在可以得到大量的野生菌株，并部分表征了许多重要特征，例如抗病性和产量。在许多重要的农艺性状中发现的大多数变异具有相当大的遗传力，因此可用于育种。在过去的十年中，这种蘑菇的遗传标记技术也得到了长足的发展，并用于鉴定重要农艺性状的数量性状位点（QTL）。除一个例子外，这一进展迄今尚未产生新的商业品种。原因之一在于纽扣蘑菇姬松茸的典型生命周期。阻碍繁殖的双孢蘑菇。需要共同投资解决育种中的技术问题。需要特别注意保护新品种。由于其典型的生命周期，通过筛选可育的单孢子培养物，很容易从受保护的品种中产生所谓的“外观”。蘑菇（育种）行业已达成共识，认为该方法是植物育种中定义的基本衍生品种的产生。电子补充材料本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007 / s00253-017-8102-2）包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。

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