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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology >Developments in breeding of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus: progress made and technical and legal hurdles to take
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Developments in breeding of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus: progress made and technical and legal hurdles to take

机译：姬松茸育虫育种的发展。 Bisporus：进展和技术和合法障碍

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True breeding of button mushrooms has hardly been done in the last decades, despite this species being one of the most cultivated mushrooms worldwide. Research done in the last 20 years has identified and characterised new germplasm and improved our understanding of the genetic base for some traits. A substantial collection of wild-collected strains is now available and partly characterised for a number of important traits such as disease resistance and yield. Most of the variations found in a number of important agronomic traits have a considerable heritability and are thus useful for breeding. Genetic marker technology has also developed considerably for this mushrooms in the last decade and used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important agronomic traits. This progress has, except for one example, not resulted so far into new commercially varieties. One of the reasons lies in the typical life cycle of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus which hampers breeding. Joint investment is needed to solve technical problems in breeding. Special attention is needed for the protection of new varieties. Due to its typical life cycle, it is very easy to generate so called "look-a-likes" from protected cultivars by screening fertile single spore cultures. A consensus has been reached within the mushroom (breeding) industry to consider this method as the generation of essentially derived varieties as defined in plant breeding.
机译：尽管这种物种成为全球最耕种的蘑菇之一，但是在过去几十年里几乎没有完成按钮蘑菇的真正繁殖。在过去20年中完成的研究已经确定并表征了新的种质，并改善了我们对某些特征的遗传基础的理解。现在可获得大量的野生收集的菌株，并部分地表征了许多重要特征，例如抗病性和产量。许多重要的农艺性状中发现的大多数变化具有相当大的遗传性，因此可用于繁殖。在过去十年中，遗传标记技术也为这一蘑菇显着发展，用于识别用于重要农艺性状的定量特质基因座（QTL）。除了一个例子之外，这一进步已经到目前为止进入新的商用品种。其中一个原因位于按钮蘑菇姬松茸Bisporus var的典型生命周期。 Bisporus繁殖的繁殖。需要联合投资来解决繁殖中的技术问题。保护新品种需要特别注意。由于其典型的生命周期，通过筛选肥沃的单孢子培养，从受保护的品种中获得所谓的“看起来”是非常容易的。蘑菇（育种）行业中已达成共识，以考虑这种方法作为植物育种中所定义的基本衍生品种的产生。

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