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The effects of non-evaluative feedback on drivers' self-evaluation and performance

机译：非评估反馈对驾驶员自我评估和绩效的影响

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摘要

Drivers' tend to overestimate their competences, which may result in risk taking behavior. Providing drivers with feedback has been suggested as one of the solutions to overcome drivers' inaccurate self-evaluations. In practice, many tests and driving simulators provide drivers with non-evaluative feedback, which conveys information on the level of performance but not on what caused the performance. Is this type of feedback indeed effective in reducing self-enhancement biases? The current study aimed to investigate the effect of non-evaluative performance feedback on drivers' self-evaluations using a computerized hazard perception test. A between-subjects design was used with one group receiving feedback on performance in the hazard perception test while the other group not receiving any feedback. The results indicated that drivers had a robust self-enhancement bias in their self-evaluations regardless of the presence of performance feedback and that they systematically estimated their performance to be higher than they actually achieved in the test. Furthermore, they devalued the credibility of the test instead of adjusting their self-evaluations in order to cope with the negative feelings following the failure feedback. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these counterproductive effects of non-evaluative feedback.
机译：驾驶员倾向于高估自己的能力，这可能导致冒险行为。已建议向驾驶员提供反馈是克服驾驶员的不正确自我评估的一种解决方案。在实践中，许多测试和驾驶模拟器为驾驶员提供了非评估性的反馈，这些反馈传达的是性能水平的信息，而不是性能原因的信息。这种反馈确实有效地减少了自我提升的偏见吗？当前的研究旨在使用计算机化的危害感知测试来研究非评估性能反馈对驾驶员自我评估的影响。受试者之间的设计用于一组在危害感知测试中接收有关性能的反馈，而另一组未接收到任何反馈。结果表明，无论是否存在绩效反馈，驾驶员在自我评估中都存在强烈的自我提升偏见，并且他们系统地估计自己的绩效要高于他们在测试中实际达到的水平。此外，他们降低了测试的可信度，而不是调整自我评估，以应对失败反馈后的负面感觉。我们讨论了非评估性反馈的这些适得其反的影响的理论和实践意义。

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