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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America >Development of a Mechanical Harvesting Aid for Prickly Pear Cactus Fruit
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Development of a Mechanical Harvesting Aid for Prickly Pear Cactus Fruit

机译：仙人掌果机械收割辅助设备的研制

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Mexico is the major global producer of cactus prickly pear fruit, harvesting 510,000 tonnes per year. Insufficient technology to bridge the gaps on production chain halts this agroindustry to reach its full potential. Hand harvesting of cactus fruit is greatly inefficient; it is slow and expensive, field conditions are arduous, unsafe and risky. Cactus plant is entirely covered with thorns, while cactus fruit has easily detachable microscopic hairs that stuck in bare skin; scaring off untrained workers. Inexpert handling of cactus fruit encourage injuries and yield losses amount up to 10 %. During hand harvesting, ripe fruits are grabbed by workers wearing rubber or leather gloves. Fruits are detached from the cactus plant by sliding a knife through the fruit's pedicel and then be dropped into buckets, conveyed from plant to plant until filled and then unloaded into pallet boxes for transport to storage. An innovative mechanism was designed which is assisted by a pneumatic system for creating a vacuum pressure inside a hose. When sucking, a yielding doughnut made of a thin flexible rubber placed at hose's end performs a gentle but firm grabbing rounding of the fruit, so bending tunas for cutting is easier and safer. Labourer does not touch the fruit at all. Glochids, although imperceptible they are vacuumed through the hose and trapped in a filter. All gears were installed over a trailer and the apparatus can couple four harvesting mechanisms without affecting pressure, allowing unrestrained movement of workers, simultaneously and independently of each other, and released them from the burden of carrying the bucket the whole harvesting day. Since apparatus is pulled between rows; workers walk along both sides of row, so labour productivity is increased up to four times. Mechanised harvesting of prickly pear cactus fruit, secures a safer work environment for labourers, increase labour producctiviy and higher income resulting in better quality fruit -being is delivered to the market.
机译：墨西哥是仙人掌花梨果实的主要全球生产国，每年收获51万吨。技术不足以弥合生产链之间的差距，使该农用工业无法发挥其全部潜力。手工收获仙人掌果实效率很低；它缓慢且昂贵，现场条件艰苦，不安全且具有风险。仙人掌植物完全被荆棘所覆盖，而仙人掌果实则具有易于分离的微观毛发，粘在裸露的皮肤上。吓跑未经训练的工人。仙人掌果实处理不当会助长伤害，产量损失高达10％。在人工收割期间，戴着橡胶或皮革手套的工人会抓住成熟的果实。通过将刀滑过水果的花梗从仙人掌植物上取下水果，然后将其放入桶中，从植物到植物的运输直至装满为止，然后卸载到托盘箱中以运输到存储。设计了一种创新的机构，该机构由气动系统辅助以在软管内部产生真空压力。吮吸时，由柔软的橡胶制成的屈服式甜甜圈置于软管末端，可柔和但牢固地抓住水果，使弯曲的金枪鱼切割更容易，更安全。劳动者根本不碰水果。尽管不易察觉，但它们还是通过软管被吸尘并留在过滤器中的。所有齿轮均安装在拖车上，并且该装置可以连接四个收割​​机构而不会影响压力，从而使工人可以不受限制地同时并彼此独立地运动，从而使他们在整个收割日减轻了搬运铲斗的负担。由于设备被拉到行之间；工人沿着排的两边行走，因此劳动生产率提高了四倍。花椒仙人掌果实的机械化收获，确保了劳动者更安全的工作环境，提高了劳动生产率，增加了收入，从而带来了质量更高的水果-产品已投放市场。

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