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首页> 外文期刊>British Journal of Audiology >Women with noise-induced hearing loss: an invisible group?
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Women with noise-induced hearing loss: an invisible group?

机译：有噪音引起的听力损失的妇女：一个看不见的人群？

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The aim of this qualitative study was to describe, from the perspective of women with noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), their experiences of noise as a threat to health and their having to live with a hearing disability, i.e. behaviours, thoughts and emotions in auditory demanding situations. Ten women, patients with NIHL at the Department of Audiology, Boras' Hospital in Sweden, were selected to form a heterogeneous sample. A taped in-depth interview, lasting from 45 minutes to 1 hour, was conducted with each woman. The verbatim transcribed interviews were consecutively analysed using a method influenced by the tradition of grounded theory. Four categories emerged in the process of analysis. These categories were labelled: lack of awareness, ambivalence, controlling and avoiding coping strategies and stigmatization. The category 'lack of awareness' concerned the women's perceptions of the risks of noise on hearing, the lack of efforts on the part of the women to apply for financial compensation for their NIHL, the lack of an awareness of individual's right to have a healthy work-place and to receive professional help for hearing impairment. Also lacking was the concept that hearing impaired individuals have the right to participate in the community on similar conditions as non-hearing impaired people. This lack of awareness was identified as a core category relating to the other categories: ambivalence, controlling and avoiding coping strategies and stigmatization. The women's expressions indicated ambivalence concerning the cause of the hearing disability and, also, how to manage the consequences of it: the women in the study seemed to alternate between feelings of hopelessness/resignation and a state of acceptance of the hearing disability. Furthermore, the women alternated between blaming themselves and blaming others for the cause of the hearing loss, indicating a change between internal and external locus of control. Also, the women alternated between controlling and avoiding strategies in coping with demanding auditory situations. The coping strategy chosen by the women in a specific situation intended to prevent or minimize stigmatization, i.e. 'to pass as normal' and thereby to maintain a positive self-image of normality. Despite this, the women often perceived negative and stigmatizing attitudes from others, which reinforced their feelings of ambivalence in how to manage the situation. The hypothesis based on the present pilot study, that women with NIHL are more likely to pass themselves off as normal hearing and therefore might be less likely to be reported in studies of NIHL than men, needs to be further tested in a larger sample.
机译：这项定性研究的目的是从患有噪音诱发性听力损失（NIHL）的女性的角度描述其噪音对健康的威胁以及必须患有听力障碍的行为，例如行为，思想和情感，在听觉苛刻的情况下。选择了十名瑞典博拉斯医院听诊科的NIHL患者作为异质样本。对每位妇女进行了为期45分钟至1个小时的录音深入访谈。逐字记录的访谈采用受扎根理论传统影响的方法进行了连续分析。分析过程中出现了四个类别。这些类别被标记为：缺乏意识，矛盾，控制和避免应对策略以及污名化。 “缺乏认识”类别涉及妇女对听力噪声风险的认识，妇女缺乏为NIHL申请经济补偿的努力，缺乏对个人享有健康权利的认识。工作场所并获得听力障碍的专业帮助。还缺乏这样的概念，即听障人士有权在与非听障人士相似的条件下参加社区活动。缺乏认识被认为是与其他类别有关的核心类别：矛盾，控制和避免应对策略以及污名化。妇女的表情表明对听力障碍的原因以及如何处理其后果的模棱两可：研究中的妇女似乎在绝望/辞职感和对听力障碍的接受状态之间交替。此外，妇女交替指责自己和指责他人造成听力损失的原因，这表明内部和外部控制源发生了变化。此外，在应付苛刻的听觉情况下，妇女在控制策略和避免策略之间进行了交替。妇女在特定情况下选择的应对策略旨在防止或最小化污名化，即“正常通过”，从而保持正面的正常自我形象。尽管如此，这些妇女经常感到他人的负面和侮辱性态度，这加剧了她们在如何处理局势方面的矛盾情绪。基于当前试验研究的假设认为，患有NIHL的女性比正常人更容易假发，因此与男性相比，NIHL的研究报道的可能性较小，需要在更大的样本中进行进一步测试。

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