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Potential Health and Environmental Risks Associated with Onsite Greywater Reuse: A Review

机译：与现场中水回用相关的潜在健康和环境风险：回顾

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The practice of decentralized, onsite greywater (GW) treatment, the non-toilet portion of domestic wastewater (WW) stream, has become widespread with millions of systems in use worldwide. GW reuse can bring a significant reduction in domestic and urban water demands and increase the exploitation efficiency of this scarce resource. However, environmental and human health concerns challenge onsite treatment, as its operation by non-professionals must be reliable, simple and economically feasible if such systems are to be used by many. While macro- and micro-pollutants found in GW are the main hazard to environmental health, pathogens are considered the principal risk to public health. Hence, a few major topics related to GW reuse are discussed in this review: (a) microbial and physico-chemical quality of GW before and after treatment; (b) plant health after GW-irrigation; (c) soil health risks as measured by changes of quality following GW irrigation; and (d) risks to public health via epidemiological data and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA).
机译：分散的现场灰水（GW）处理（生活污水（WW）的非马桶部分）的做法已广泛普及，在全世界使用了数百万套系统。 GW的再利用可以大大减少家庭和城市的用水需求，并提高这种稀缺资源的开发效率。但是，环境和人类健康问题给现场治疗带来了挑战，因为非专业人员的操作必须可靠，简单并且在经济上可行，如果要使用这种系统的话。 GW中发现的宏观和微观污染物是对环境健康的主要危害，而病原体被认为是对公众健康的主要风险。因此，本综述讨论了与GW重用有关的几个主要主题：（a）治疗前后GW的微生物和理化质量； （b）GW灌溉后的植物健康； （c）以GW灌溉后的质量变化衡量的土壤健康风险； （d）通过流行病学数据和定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）对公共健康的风险。

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