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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Water Resources Journal >The 1997 flood event in the Red River basin: Causes, assessment and damages
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The 1997 flood event in the Red River basin: Causes, assessment and damages

机译：红河流域1997年洪水事件：成因，评估和损失

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In May 1997, the Red River Valley of Manitoba, North Dakota and Minnesota experienced a record flood which came to be known as the "Flood of the Century". Prospects for only moderate flooding were completely transformed by a major snowstorm in the first week of April. Record snow and rain over the entire basin upstream of Winnipeg produced record discharges all along the river. At Winnipeg, the peak discharge was about 50% greater than the previous highest measured flow and was probably the second largest event in two centuries of documented flood history. At its peak, about 1840 km(2) in Manitoba were inundated in a water body 100 km long with a maximum width of about 40 km. In Manitoba, 27,400 people were evacuated and damages and costs exceeded CAD $500 million (and were possibly closer to $1 billion). Nevertheless existing flood control structures, flood proofing and damage reduction programs, and emergency measures prevented losses which would have been truly catastrophic in Winnipeg. Furthermore, the peak stage might have been even greater except for manageable flows on the Assiniboine River and favourable weather during the flood itself. In the United States where flood control/flood proofing measures were less well developed, damages were many times greater and almost three times as many people were evacuated. The legacies of the flood in Manitoba include a CAD $665-million program to increase flood control and flood proofing for Winnipeg to the 700-year flood level. In the Red River valley outside Winnipeg, ring dikes were constructed around eight previously unprotected communities, individual properties were diked or elevated on pads, and flood proofing standards throughout the valley were raised to 0.6 m above the 1997 peak stage.
机译：1997年5月，曼尼托巴，北达科他州和明尼苏达州的红河谷遭遇了创纪录的洪水，后来被称为“世纪洪水”。在4月的第一周，一场大雪暴过后，仅发生中度洪水的前景就完全改变了。记录在温尼伯上游整个盆地的雪和雨，记录了整个河流的排放量。在温尼伯，高峰流量比以前的最高测得流量高约50％，并且可能是两个世纪有记载的洪水历史中的第二大事件。在其高峰期，曼尼托巴省约有1840 km（2）被淹没在100 km长的水体中，最大宽度约为40 km。在曼尼托巴省，有27,400人被疏散，损失和费用超过5亿加元（可能接近10亿美元）。尽管如此，现有的防洪结构，防洪和减灾计划以及紧急措施阻止了在温尼伯真正造成灾难性损失的损失。此外，除了在阿西尼博因河上的流量可控以及洪水本身的有利天气外，高峰期可能会更大。在防洪/防洪措施欠发达的美国，造成的损失要大很多倍，而疏散人数几乎是三倍。曼尼托巴省的洪灾遗产包括6.65亿加元的计划，用于将温尼伯的防洪和防洪能力提高到700年的洪水位。在温尼伯郊外的红河谷，围绕八个先前未受保护的社区建造了堤防，堤坝上的堤防或堤防升高，整个山谷的防洪标准提高到1997年高峰期以上的0.6 m。

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