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首页> 外文期刊>Cognitive Science >Do Humans Really Learn A~nB~n Artificial Grammars From Exemplars?
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Do Humans Really Learn A~nB~n Artificial Grammars From Exemplars?

机译：人类真的从范例中学到了A〜nB〜n个人工语法吗？

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An important topic in the evolution of language is the kinds of grammars that can be computed by humans and other animals. Fitch and Hauser (F&H; 2004) approached this question by assessing the ability of different species to learn 2 grammars, (AB)~n and A~nB~n A~n B`n was taken to indicate a, phrase structure grammar, eliciting a center-embedded pattern. (AB)n indicates a grammar whose strings entail only local relations between the categories of constituents. F&H's data suggest that humans, but not tamarin monkeys, learn an A~nB~n grammar, whereas both learn a simpler (AB)~n grammar (Fitch & Hauser, 2004). In their experiments, the A constituents were syllables pronounced by a female voice, whereas the B constituents were syllables pronounced by a male voice. This study proposes that what characterizes the A~nB~n exemplars is the distributional regularities of the syllables pronounced by either a male or a female rather than the underlying, more abstract patterns. This article replicates F&H's data and reports new controls using either categories similar to those in F&H or less salient ones. This article shows that distributional regularities explain the data better than grammar learning. Indeed, when familiarized with A~nB~n exemplars, participants failed to discriminate A~3B~2 and A~2B~3 from A~n B~n items, missing the crucial feature that the number of As must equal the number of Bs. Therefore, contrary to F&H, this study concludes that no syntactic rules implementing embedded nonadjacent dependencies were learned in these experiments. The difference between human linguistic abilities and the putative precursors in monkeys deserves further exploration.
机译：语言发展中的一个重要主题是人类和其他动物可以计算出的各种语法。 Fitch和Hauser（F＆H; 2004）通过评估不同物种学习2种语法的能力来解决这个问题，（AB）〜n和A〜nB〜n A〜n B`n表示短语结构语法，引起中心嵌入的模式。 （AB）n表示一种语法，其字符串仅构成成分类别之间的局部关系。 F＆H的数据表明，人类而不是marin猴，他们学习的是A〜nB〜n语法，而两者都学习的是简单的（AB）〜n语法（Fitch＆Hauser，2004）。在他们的实验中，A成分是女性语音发音的音节，而B成分是男性语音发音的音节。这项研究提出，A〜nB〜n典范的特征是由男性或女性发音的音节的分布规律，而不是基本的，更抽象的模式。本文复制了F＆H的数据，并使用与F＆H相似的类别或不明显的类别报告了新控件。本文表明，分布规律性比语法学习更好地解释了数据。确实，当熟悉A〜nB〜n示例时，参与者无法将A〜3B〜2和A〜2B〜3与A〜n B〜n项区分开，缺少了关键的特征，即As数量必须等于A〜nB〜n。 Bs。因此，与F＆H相反，该研究得出的结论是，在这些实验中没有学习到实现嵌入的非相邻依赖性的句法规则。人类的语言能力与猴子的推测先驱者之间的差异值得进一步探讨。

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