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Do Humans Really Learn An Bn Artificial Grammars From Exemplars?

机译：人类真的从范例中学到了十亿个人工语法吗？

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An important topic in the evolution of language is the kinds of grammars that can be computed by humans and other animals. Fitch and Hauser (F&H; 2004) approached this question by assessing the ability of different species to learn 2 grammars, (AB)n and An Bn. An Bn was taken to indicate a phrase structure grammar, eliciting a center-embedded pattern. (AB)n indicates a grammar whose strings entail only local relations between the categories of constituents. F&H's data suggest that humans, but not tamarin monkeys, learn an An Bn grammar, whereas both learn a simpler (AB)n grammar (Fitch & Hauser, 2004). In their experiments, the A constituents were syllables pronounced by a female voice, whereas the B constituents were syllables pronounced by a male voice. This study proposes that what characterizes the An Bn exemplars is the distributional regularities of the syllables pronounced by either a male or a female rather than the underlying, more abstract patterns. This article replicates F&H's data and reports new controls using either categories similar to those in F&H or less salient ones. This article shows that distributional regularities explain the data better than grammar learning. Indeed, when familiarized with An Bn exemplars, participants failed to discriminate A3 B2 and A2 B3 from An Bn items, missing the crucial feature that the number of As must equal the number of Bs. Therefore, contrary to F&H, this study concludes that no syntactic rules implementing embedded nonadjacent dependencies were learned in these experiments. The difference between human linguistic abilities and the putative precursors in monkeys deserves further exploration.
机译：语言发展中的一个重要主题是人类和其他动物可以计算出的各种语法。 Fitch和Hauser（F＆H; 2004）通过评估不同物种学习2种语法（AB）n和An Bn的能力来解决这个问题。取一个Bn表示短语结构语法，引出一个中心嵌入模式。 （AB）n表示一种语法，其字符串仅构成成分类别之间的局部关系。 F＆H的数据表明，人类而不是marin猴，他们学习的是An Bn语法，而两者都学习的是简单的（AB）n语法（Fitch＆Hauser，2004）。在他们的实验中，A成分是女性语音发音的音节，而B成分是男性语音发音的音节。这项研究提出，An Bn示例的特征在于音节的分布规律是由男性还是女性发出的，而不是基本的，更抽象的模式。本文复制了F＆H的数据，并使用与F＆H相似的类别或不明显的类别报告了新控件。本文表明，分布规律性比语法学习更好地解释了数据。确实，当熟悉An Bn示例时，参与者无法从An Bn项目中区分A3 B2和A2 B3，缺少了As数量必须等于B数量的关键特征。因此，与F＆H相反，该研究得出的结论是，在这些实验中没有学习到实现嵌入的非相邻依赖关系的语法规则。人类的语言能力与猴子的推测先驱者之间的差异值得进一步探讨。

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