The failed coup of 15 July, 2016 a watershed event of modern kish history. It was the final and uccessful attempt of a faction of Turkish Armed Forces (known the Turkish initials TSK - Turk hli Kuvvetleri) to re-assert itself, key was known as the 'Army ion' in view of the dominant role SK since the inception of Turkey Republic in the aftermath of the World War. TSK assigned itself role of guardian of Kemalist tra-)n and all major decisions arding security, economy and lign relations were subject to veto. TSK developed its own cational system of army run bols and military academies to officer corps. It also carved a rate economic system to sus-its economic independence the national exchequer. It took direct control of the state by the clock every ten years 960，1971 and 1980. TSK's inance was legalized in the constitution where military is controlled decision making ess through Supreme Military icil (known by its Turkish initials YAS -Yuksek Askari Shura). Under the nominal chairmanship of the President, civilian members of YAS included Prime Minister, Ministers of Defence, Interior and Foreign Affairs while Chief of General Staff (CGS) and heads of Army, Navy, Air Force and Gendarmerie represented TSK. Secretary General of YAS was a serving high ranking military officer reporting directly to Chief of General Staff and responsible for ensuring the implementation of YAS decisions by the government. TSK was in a unique position where it would provide information to government about various issues, recommend measures not only about Defence but also the economy, foreign relations, education and even administration of educational facilities, demand acceptance of recommendations without any revision and then monitor implementation by civilian government. In 1997，it forced the removal of Islamist Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan by what was called 'coup by memorandum'.
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