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Dendritic spine morphology and dynamics in health and disease

机译：健康和疾病中的树突棘形态和动力学

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Abstract: Dendritic spines are actin-rich structures that form the postsynaptic terminals of excitatory synapses in the brain. The development and plasticity of spines are essential for cognitive processes, such as learning and memory, and defects in their density, morphology, and size underlie a number of neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the contribution and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in spine formation and plasticity as well as learning and memory. We also highlight the role of key receptors and intracellular signaling pathways in modulating the development and morphology of spines and cognitive function. Moreover, we provide insight into spine/synapse defects associated with several neurological disorders and the molecular mechanisms that underlie these spine defects.
机译：摘要：树突棘是富含肌动蛋白的结构，形成大脑中兴奋性突触的突触后末端。脊柱的发育和可塑性对于认知过程（例如学习和记忆）至关重要，而其密度，形态和大小的缺陷是许多神经系统疾病的基础。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肌动蛋白细胞骨架在脊柱形成和可塑性以及学习和记忆中的贡献和调节。我们还强调了关键受体和细胞内信号转导通路在调节棘的发育和形态以及认知功能中的作用。此外，我们提供了与几种神经系统疾病相关的脊柱/突触缺损的知识，以及这些脊柱缺损的分子机制。

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