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首页> 外文期刊>ACS Omega >Copper(I)-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Ketonitrones to Dialkylcyanamides: A Step toward Sustainable Generation of 2,3-Dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles
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Copper(I)-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Ketonitrones to Dialkylcyanamides: A Step toward Sustainable Generation of 2,3-Dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles

机译:铜(I)催化的酮硝基酮与1,2-二氢氰基酮的1,3-偶极环加成反应:迈向可持续生成2,3-二氢-1,2,4-恶二唑的一步

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摘要

Cu~(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition (CA) of the ketonitrones, Ph_(2)C═N~(+)(R′)O~(–) (R′ = Me, CH_(2)Ph), to the disubstituted cyanamides, NCNR_(2) (R = Me_(2), Et_(2), (CH_(2))_(4), (CH_(2))_(5), (CH_(2))_(4)O, C_(9)H_(10), (CH_(2)Ph)_(2), Ph(Me)), gives the corresponding 5-amino-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (15 examples) in good to moderate yields. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions (CH_(2)Cl_(2), RT or 45 °C) and requires 10 mol % of [Cu(NCMe)_(4)](BF_(4)) as the catalyst. The somewhat reduced yields are due to the individual properties of 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, which easily undergo ring opening via N—O bond splitting. Results of density functional theory calculations reveal that the CA of ketonitrones to Cu~(I)-bound cyanamides is a concerted process, and the copper-catalyzed reaction is controlled by the predominant contribution of the HOMO_(dipole)–LUMO_(dipolarophile) interaction (group I by Sustmann’s classification). The metal-involving process is much more asynchronous and profitable from both kinetic and thermodynamic viewpoints than the hypothetical metal-free reaction.
机译:Cu〜(I)催化的酮硝酮Ph_(2)C═N〜(+)(R')O〜(–)(R'= Me,CH_(2)Ph)的环加成反应(CA)二取代氰胺,NCNR_(2)(R = Me_(2),Et_(2),(CH_(2))_(4),(CH_(2))_(5),(CH_(2))_( 4)O,C_(9)H_(10),(CH_(2)Ph)_(2),Ph(Me)),得到相应的5-氨基取代的2,3-二氢-1,2,4 -恶二唑(15个实例),产率中等至中等。反应在温和的条件下(CH_(2)Cl_(2),RT或45°C)进行,需要10摩尔%的[Cu(NCMe)_(4)](BF_(4))作为催化剂。收率略有下降是由于2,3-二氢-1,2,4-恶二唑的独特性质,它们很容易通过NO键断裂而开环。密度泛函理论计算的结果表明,酮硝酮对与Cu〜(I)结合的氰胺的CA是一个协调的过程,铜催化的反应受HOMO_(偶极)–LUMO_(偶极亲子)相互作用的主要作用控制。 (按Sustmann分类的第一组)。从动力学和热力学的观点看,涉及金属的过程比假设的无金属反应更为异步和有利。

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