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首页> 外文期刊>Agronomy >Evaluating the Impacts of Continuous and Rotational Grazing on Tallgrass Prairie Landscape Using High-Spatial-Resolution Imagery
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Evaluating the Impacts of Continuous and Rotational Grazing on Tallgrass Prairie Landscape Using High-Spatial-Resolution Imagery

机译：使用高空间分辨率图像评估连续和旋转放牧对高草草原景观的影响

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This study evaluated the impacts of different grazing treatments (continuous (C) and rotational (R) grazing) on tallgrass prairie landscape, using high-spatial-resolution aerial imagery (1-m at RGB and near-infrared bands) of experimental C and R pastures within two replicates (Rep A and Rep B) in the southern Great Plains (SGP) of the United States. The imagery was acquired by the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) during the agricultural growing season of selected years (2010, 2013, 2015, and 2017) in the continental United States. Land cover maps were generated by combining visual interpolation, a support vector machine, and a decision tree classifier. Landscape metrics (class area, patch number, percentage of landscape, and fragmentation indices) were calculated from the FRAGSTATS (a computer software program designed to compute a wide variety of landscape metrics for categorical map patterns) based on land cover results. Both the metrics and land cover results were used to analyze landscape dynamics in the experiment pastures. Results showed that both grass and shrubs of different pastures differed largely in the same year and had significant annual dynamics controlled by climate. High stocking intensity delayed grass growth. A large proportion of bare soil occurred in sub-paddocks of rotational grazing that were just grazed or under grazing. Rep A experienced rapid shrub encroachment, with a large proportion of shrub at the beginning of the experiment. Shrub may occupy 41% of C and 15% of R in Rep A by 2030, as revealed by the linear regression analysis of shrub encroachment. In contrast, shrub encroachment was not significant in Rep B, which only had a small number of shrub patches at the beginning of the experiment. This result indicates that the shrub encroachment is mainly controlled by the initial status of the pastures instead of grazing management. However, the low temporal resolution of the NAIP imagery (one snapshot in two or three years) limits our comparison of the continuous and rotational grazing at the annual scale. Future studies need to combine NAIP imagery with other higher temporal resolution imagery (e.g., WorldView), in order to better evaluate the interannual variabilities of grass productivity and shrub encroachment.
机译：这项研究使用实验C和RGB的高空间分辨率航空影像（在RGB和近红外波段为1-m），评估了不同放牧处理（连续（C）和旋转（R）放牧）对高草草原景观的影响。在美国南部大平原（SGP）的两个副本（Rep A和Rep B）内的R牧场。该图像是由美国国家农业图像计划（NAIP）在选定的年份（2010年，2013年，2015年和2017年）在美国大陆的农业生长季节获得的。土地覆盖图是通过结合视觉插值，支持向量机和决策树分类器生成的。根据FRAGSTATS（一种计算机软件程序，旨在为分类地图模式计算各种各样的景观度量标准），根据土地覆盖结果计算景观度量标准（类面积，斑块数量，景观百分比和碎片指数）。指标和土地覆盖结果均用于分析实验牧场中的景观动态。结果表明，不同牧场的草和灌木在同一年之间差异很大，并且受气候控制的年度动态显着。高放养强度延迟了草的生长。刚放牧或处于放牧状态下的轮牧子围场中有很大一部分裸露的土壤。 Rep A经历了快速的灌木侵蚀，在实验开始时有很大比例的灌木。灌木丛侵占的线性回归分析显示，到2030年，灌木丛可能会在Rep A中占据41％的C和15％的R。相反，Rep B中灌木丛的侵害并不明显，在实验开始时仅有少量灌木丛。该结果表明，灌木丛的入侵主要由牧场的初始状态控制，而不是由放牧管理。但是，NAIP影像的时间分辨率较低（两年或三年内拍摄一张快照），限制了我们对年尺度上连续和轮牧的比较。未来的研究需要将NAIP影像与其他更高时间分辨率的影像（例如WorldView）相结合，以便更好地评估草生产力和灌木丛侵染的年际变化。

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