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首页> 外文期刊>Israel Journal of Health Policy Research >Tobacco policy in Israel: 1948–2014 and beyond
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Tobacco policy in Israel: 1948–2014 and beyond

机译：以色列的烟草政策：1948年至2014年及以后

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Background Tobacco is the only consumer product known to kill half of its users, and is a significant cause of death and disability to exposed nonsmokers. This presents a unique conundrum for modern democracies, which emphasize personal liberty, yet are obligated to protect citizens. In Israel, the death toll in 2014 from smoking is expected to reach 8000 deaths; nearly a fifth of the population smokes, and over two-thirds of the population are exposed to tobacco smoke. Aim This paper provides an overview of tobacco policy in Israel since the inception of the State, presents the development of the National Tobacco Control Plan, and recommends future actions. Methods Sources for this article included the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) and Ministry of Health websites, Health Minister Reports to the Knesset on Smoking, and the scientific literature. Results Israel has an impressive record on tobacco control policy, beginning with taxation in 1952, landmark smoke-free air and marketing legislation in the early 1980’s, tax increases and expansions of smoke-free air and marketing legislation in the ensuing years, and the addition of subsidized smoking cessation technologies in 2010. Until 2011, actions were taken by various organizations without formal coordination; since the passage of the National Tobacco Control Plan in 2011, the Ministry of Health has held responsibility for coordinating tobacco control, with an action plan. The plan has been partially implemented. Smoke-free air laws were expanded, but enforcement is poor. Passage of critical marketing and advertising restrictions is stalled. Requested funds for tobacco control did not materialize. Recommendations In order to prevent hundreds of thousands of preventable premature deaths in the coming decades, Israel should considerably strengthen tobacco control policies to include: guaranteed funding for tobacco control; strong curbs on advertising, promotion and sponsorship of tobacco and smoking products; public education; law enforcement; protection of children from exposure to tobacco; regulation of electronic cigarettes and other alternative harm-reducing products; tobacco control research; and systematic monitoring of, and periodic updates to, the National Tobacco Control Plan. Israel should also begin discussions of Endgame scenarios, and consider abolition of tobacco, as it continues its progress towards making smoking history.
机译：背景技术烟草是唯一已知会杀死一半使用者的消费产品，并且是导致不吸烟者死亡和致残的重要原因。这给现代民主国家带来了一个独特的难题，它强调人身自由，却有义务保护公民。在以色列，2014年吸烟致死的人数预计将达到8000人。近五分之一的人口吸烟，三分之二以上的人口接触烟草烟雾。目的本文概述了自国家成立以来以色列的烟草政策，介绍了国家烟草控制计划的发展，并建议了未来的行动。方法本文的资料来源包括以色列议会和卫生部网站，卫生部长向以色列议会吸烟报告以及科学文献。结果以色列在烟草控制政策方面拥有令人印象深刻的记录，始于1952年的税收，1980年代初具有里程碑意义的无烟空气和销售法规，随后几年中无烟空气的税收增加和扩展以及销售法规，以及在2010年采用了补贴的戒烟技术。直到2011年，各种组织在没有正式协调的情况下采取了行动;自2011年《国家烟草控制计划》通过以来，卫生部一直负责协调一项行动计划，以协调烟草控制。该计划已部分实施。扩大了无烟空气法律，但执法不力。关键营销和广告限制的通过受到阻碍。要求烟草控制的资金没有实现。建议为了在未来几十年内预防成千上万的可预防的过早死亡，以色列应大大加强烟草控制政策，包括：保证为控制烟草提供资金;大力遏制烟草和吸烟产品的广告，促销和赞助;公共教育;执法;保护儿童免于接触烟草;规管电子烟和其他减少危害的替代产品;烟草控制研究;对国家烟草控制计划进行系统的监视和定期更新。以色列还应开始讨论残酷的情景，并考虑废除烟草，因为它继续在创造吸烟史方面取得进展。

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