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Genetic decline, restoration and rescue of an isolated ungulate population

机译：孤立的有蹄类动物种群的遗传衰退，恢复和拯救

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Isolation of small populations is expected to reduce fitness through inbreeding and loss of genetic variation, impeding population growth and compromising population persistence. Species with long generation time are the least likely to be rescued by evolution alone. Management interventions that maintain or restore genetic variation to assure population viability are consequently of significant importance. We investigated, over 27?years, the genetic and demographic consequences of a demographic bottleneck followed by artificial supplementation in an isolated population of bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis ). Based on a long‐term pedigree and individual monitoring, we documented the genetic decline, restoration and rescue of the population. Microsatellite analyses revealed that the demographic bottleneck reduced expected heterozygosity and allelic diversity by 6.2% and 11.3%, respectively, over two generations. Following supplementation, first‐generation admixed lambs were 6.4% heavier at weaning and had 28.3% higher survival to 1?year compared to lambs of endemic ancestry. Expected heterozygosity and allelic diversity increased by 4.6% and 14.3% after two generations?through new alleles contributed by translocated individuals. We found no evidence for outbreeding depression and did not see immediate evidence of swamping of local genes. Rapid intervention following the demographic bottleneck allowed the genetic restoration and rescue of this bighorn sheep population, likely preventing further losses at both the genetic and demographic levels. Our results provide further empirical evidence that translocation can be used to reduce inbreeding depression in nature and has the potential to mitigate the effect of human‐driven environmental changes on wild populations.
机译：隔离小种群有望通过近交和遗传变异的丧失来降低适应度，从而阻碍种群的增长并损害种群的持久性。具有长生成时间的物种最不可能仅通过进化来挽救。因此，维持或恢复遗传变异以确保种群生存力的管理干预措施非常重要。在超过27年的时间里，我们调查了人口瓶颈的遗传和人口后果，然后在孤立的大角羊（Ovis canadensis）种群中进行了人工补充。基于长期的血统书和个人监测，我们记录了种群的遗传衰退，恢复和拯救。微卫星分析显示，人口瓶颈在两代人中分别使预期的杂合性和等位基因多样性降低了6.2％和11.3％。补充后，第一代混合羔羊断奶时重6.4％，与地方血统羔羊相比，到1年的存活率高28.3％。经过易位个体贡献的新等位基因两代后，预期的杂合性和等位基因多样性分别增加了4.6％和14.3％。我们没有发现近亲抑郁症的证据，也没有看到本地基因泛滥的直接证据。人口瓶颈后的快速干预使得这一​​大角羊种群得以遗传恢复和抢救，从而有可能在遗传和人口水平上防止进一步的损失。我们的结果提供了进一步的经验证据，表明易位可用于减少自然界的近亲衰退，并有可能减轻人类驱动的环境变化对野生种群的影响。

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