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首页> 外文期刊>Geosciences >Variability and Trends in Dust Storm Frequency on Decadal Timescales: Climatic Drivers and Human Impacts
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Variability and Trends in Dust Storm Frequency on Decadal Timescales: Climatic Drivers and Human Impacts

机译：年代际尺度上沙尘暴频率的变化和趋势：气候驱动因素和人类影响

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Dust storms present numerous hazards to human society and are particularly significant to people living in the Dust Belt which stretches from the Sahara across the Middle East to northeast Asia. This paper presents a review of dust storm variability and trends in frequency on decadal timescales from three Dust Belt settlements with long-term (50 years) meteorological records: Nouakchott, Mauritania; Zabol, Iran, and Minqin, China. The inhabitants of each of these settlements have experienced a decline in dust storms in recent decades, since the late 1980s at Nouakchott, since 2004 at Zabol, and since the late 1970s at Minqin. The roles of climatic variables and human activities are assessed in each case, as drivers of periods of high dust storm frequency and subsequent declines in dust emissions. Both climatic and human variables have been important but overall the balance of research conclusions indicates natural processes (precipitation totals, wind strength) have had greater impact than human action, in the latter case both in the form of mismanagement (abandoned farmland, water management schemes) and attempts to reduce wind erosion (afforestation projects). Understanding the drivers of change in dust storm dynamics at the local scale is increasingly important for efforts to mitigate dust storm hazards as climate change projections suggest that the global dryland area is likely to expand in the twenty-first century, along with an associated increase in the risk of drought and dust emissions.
机译：沙尘暴给人类社会带来了无数危害，对于生活在从撒哈拉沙漠延伸到中东到东北亚的尘埃带的人们尤其重要。本文介绍了三个长期（> 50年）气象记录的尘埃带定居点的沙尘暴变异性和频率趋势的年代际时间尺度：毛里塔尼亚努瓦克肖特;伊朗扎布尔和中国民勤。自1980年代末在Nouakchott以来，自2004年以来在Zabol以及1970年代后期以来的民勤以来，这些住区中每个居民的沙尘暴都在近几十年来有所下降。在每种情况下，都会评估气候变量和人类活动的作用，以此作为沙尘暴高发时期和随后粉尘排放下降的驱动因素。气候和人为变量都很重要，但总体而言，研究结论的平衡表明自然过程（降水总量，风强度）比人为行动具有更大的影响，在后一种情况下，二者都以管理不善的形式（废弃的农田，水资源管理计划） ），并尝试减少风蚀（造林项目）。了解地方尺度沙尘暴动态变化的驱动因素对于减轻沙尘暴危害的努力变得越来越重要，因为气候变化预测表明，二十一世纪全球旱地面积可能会扩大，而与此相关的是干旱和粉尘排放的风险。

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