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Merino and Merino-derived sheep breeds: a genome-wide intercontinental study

机译：美利奴羊和美利奴羊衍生的绵羊品种：全基因组的洲际研究

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Background Merino and Merino-derived sheep breeds have been widely distributed across the world, both as purebred and admixed populations. They represent an economically and historically important genetic resource which over time has been used as the basis for the development of new breeds. In order to examine the genetic influence of Merino in the context of a global collection of domestic sheep breeds, we analyzed genotype data that were obtained with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip (Illumina) for 671 individuals from 37 populations, including a subset of breeds from the Sheep HapMap dataset. Results Based on a multi-dimensional scaling analysis, we highlighted four main clusters in this dataset, which corresponded to wild sheep, mouflon, primitive North European breeds and modern sheep (including Merino), respectively. The neighbor-network analysis further differentiated North-European and Mediterranean domestic breeds, with subclusters of Merino and Merino-derived breeds, other Spanish breeds and other Italian breeds. Model-based clustering, migration analysis and haplotype sharing indicated that genetic exchange occurred between archaic populations and also that a more recent Merino-mediated gene flow to several Merino-derived populations around the world took place. The close relationship between Spanish Merino and other Spanish breeds was consistent with an Iberian origin for the Merino breed, with possible earlier contributions from other Mediterranean stocks. The Merino populations from Australia, New Zealand and China were clearly separated from their European ancestors. We observed a genetic substructuring in the Spanish Merino population, which reflects recent herd management practices. Conclusions Our data suggest that intensive gene flow, founder effects and geographic isolation are the main factors that determined the genetic makeup of current Merino and Merino-derived breeds. To explain how the current Merino and Merino-derived breeds were obtained, we propose a scenario that includes several consecutive migrations of sheep populations that may serve as working hypotheses for subsequent studies.
机译：背景美利奴羊和美利奴羊衍生的绵羊品种已作为纯种和混血种群广泛分布于世界各地。它们代表着经济上和历史上重要的遗传资源，随着时间的流逝，它们已被用作开发新品种的基础。为了在全球范围内收集家养绵羊品种的背景下检验美利奴羊的遗传影响，我们分析了通过OvineSNP50 BeadChip（Illumina）获得的来自37个种群的671个个体的基因型数据，包括绵羊的一些品种HapMap数据集。结果基于多维尺度分析，我们在该数据集中突出显示了四个主要集群，分别对应于野绵羊，穆夫龙，北欧原始品种和现代绵羊（包括美利奴羊）。邻居网络分析进一步区分了北欧和地中海本国品种，其中包括美利奴和美利奴羊衍生品种，其他西班牙品种和其他意大利品种。基于模型的聚类，迁移分析和单倍型共享表明，古种群之间发生了遗传交换，并且最近发生了由美利奴人介导的基因流向世界各地的一些美利奴人衍生的种群。西班牙美利奴羊与其他西班牙品种之间的密切关系与美利奴羊的伊比利亚血统相吻合，其他地中海种群也可能做出较早的贡献。来自澳大利亚，新西兰和中国的美利奴人与欧洲祖先明显分离。我们观察到西班牙美利奴羊种群的遗传结构，这反映了近期的畜群管理实践。结论我们的数据表明密集的基因流动，创始人的影响和地理隔离是决定当前美利奴和美利奴衍生品种遗传组成的主要因素。为了解释如何获得当前的美利奴羊和美利奴羊犬种，我们提出了一个方案，其中包括绵羊种群的连续迁移，这可以作为后续研究的有效假设。

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