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Evaluation of Near-Surface Gases in Marine Sediments to Assess Subsurface Petroleum Gas Generation and Entrapment

机译：评估海洋沉积物中近地表气体以评估地下石油气的产生和截留

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Gases contained within near-surface marine sediments can be derived from multiple sources: shallow microbial activity, thermal cracking of organic matter and inorganic materials, or magmatic-mantle degassing. Each origin will display a distinctive hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon composition as well as compound-specific isotope signature and thus the interpretation of origin should be relatively straightforward. Unfortunately, this is not always the case due to in situ microbial alteration, non-equilibrium phase partitioning, mixing, and fractionation related to the gas extraction method. Sediment gases can reside in the interstitial spaces, bound to mineral or organic surfaces and/or entrapped in carbonate inclusions. The interstitial sediment gases are contained within the sediment pore space, either dissolved in the pore waters (solute) or as free (vapour) gas. The bound gases are believed to be attached to organic and/or mineral surfaces, entrapped in structured water or entrapped in authigenic carbonate inclusions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the gas types found within shallow marine sediments and examine issues related to gas sampling and extraction. In addition, the paper will discuss how to recognise mixing, alteration and fractionation issues to best interpret the seabed geochemical results and determine gas origin to assess subsurface petroleum gas generation and entrapment.
机译：近地表海洋沉积物中所含的气体可来自多种来源：浅层微生物活动，有机物和无机材料的热裂解或岩浆幔脱气。每个起源都将显示出独特的碳氢化合物和非碳氢化合物成分以及特定化合物的同位素特征，因此对起源的解释应该相对简单。不幸的是，由于原位微生物改变，与气体提取方法有关的非平衡相分配，混合和分馏，并非总是如此。沉积物气体可以驻留在间隙空间中，与矿物或有机表面结合和/或夹带在碳酸盐夹杂物中。间隙性沉积物气体包含在沉积物孔隙空间中，可以溶解在孔隙水（溶质）中，也可以作为游离气体（蒸气）存在。认为结合的气体附着在有机和/或矿物表面上，被夹在结构化水中或被夹在自生的碳酸盐夹杂物中。本文的目的是对浅海沉积物中发现的气体类型进行综述，并探讨与气体采样和提取有关的问题。此外，本文还将讨论如何识别混合，蚀变和分馏问题，以最好地解释海床地球化学结果并确定气源，以评估地下石油气的产生和截留。

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