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Fumaric Acid Production: A Biorefinery Perspective

机译：富马酸生产：生物炼制的观点

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The increasing scarcity of fossil raw materials, together with the need to develop new processes and technology based on renewable sources, and the need to dispose of an increasing amount of biomass-derived waste, have boosted the concept of biorefineries. Both 1G and 2G biorefineries are focused on the obtention of biofuels, chemicals, materials, food and feed from biomass, a renewable resource. Fumaric acid, and most compounds involved in the Kreb cycle, are considered key platform chemicals, not only for being acidulants and additives in the food industry, but also for their prospective use as monomers. This review is focused on the biotechnological processes based on fungi, mainly of the Rhizopus genus, whose main product is fumaric acid, on the process conditions, the bioreactors and modes of operation and on the purification of the acid once it is produced.
机译：化石原料的日趋稀缺，以及基于可再生资源开发新工艺和技术的需求，以及处理越来越多的生物质衍生废物的需求，都推动了生物精炼厂的概念。 1G和2G生物精炼厂都致力于获得可再生资源生物量中的生物燃料，化学物质，材料，食物和饲料。富马酸和大多数参与克雷布循环的化合物被认为是重要的平台化学品，不仅是食品工业中的酸化剂和添加剂，而且还有望用作单体。这篇综述的重点是基于真菌（主要是根瘤菌属，其主要产品是富马酸）的生物技术工艺，工艺条件，生物反应器和操作方式，以及一旦酸产生后的纯化。

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