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首页> 外文期刊>PLoS One >Psychosocial Factors of Antenatal Anxiety and Depression in Pakistan: Is Social Support a Mediator?
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Psychosocial Factors of Antenatal Anxiety and Depression in Pakistan: Is Social Support a Mediator?

机译：巴基斯坦产前焦虑和抑郁的社会心理因素：社会支持是调解人吗？

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Introduction Pregnancy is generally viewed as a time of fulfillment and joy; however, for many women it can be a stressful event. In South Asia it is associated with cultural stigmas revolving around gender discrimination, abnormal births and genetic abnormalities. Methodology This cross-sectional study was done at four teaching hospitals in Lahore from February, 2014 to June, 2014. A total of 500 pregnant women seen at hospital obstetrics and gynecology departments were interviewed with a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Social Provisions Scale (SPS). Pearson’s chi-squared test, bivariate correlations and multiple linear regression were used to analyze associations between the independent variables and scores on the HADS and SPS. Results Mean age among the 500 respondents was 27.41 years (5.65). Anxiety levels in participants were categorized as normal (145 women, 29%), borderline (110, 22%) or anxious (245, 49%). Depression levels were categorized as normal (218 women, 43.6%), borderline (123, 24.6%) or depressed (159, 31.8%). Inferential analysis revealed that higher HADS scores were significantly associated with lower scores on the SPS, rural background, history of harassment, abortion, cesarean delivery and unplanned pregnancies (P .05). Social support (SPS score) mediated the relationship between the total number of children, gender of previous children and HADS score. Women with more daughters were significantly more likely to score higher on the HADS and lower on the SPS, whereas higher numbers of sons were associated with the opposite trends in the scores (P .05). Conclusion Because of the predominantly patriarchal sociocultural context in Pakistan, the predictors of antenatal anxiety and depression may differ from those in developed countries. We therefore suggest that interventions designed and implemented to reduce antenatal anxiety and depression should take into account these unique factors.
机译：简介怀孕通常被认为是充实和快乐的时期。但是，对于许多女性而言，这可能是一个压力大的事件。在南亚，这与围绕性别歧视，出生异常和遗传异常的文化烙印有关。方法学这项横断面研究于2014年2月至2014年6月在拉合尔的四所教学医院进行。对在医院妇产科就诊的500名孕妇进行了问卷调查，该问卷包括三个部分：人口统计学，医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）和社会规定量表（SPS）。皮尔逊（Pearson）的卡方检验，双变量相关性和多元线性回归用于分析HADS和SPS上独立变量与得分之间的关​​联。结果500名受访者中的平均年龄为27.41岁（5.65）。参与者的焦虑程度分为正常（145名女性，29％），临界（110％，22％）或焦虑（245％，49％）。抑郁水平分为正常（218名妇女，43.6％），临界（123，24.6％）或抑郁（159，31.8％）。推论分析显示，HADS得分较高与SPS，农村背景，骚扰，流产，剖宫产和计划外怀孕的得分较低相关（P <.05）。社会支持（SPS评分）介导了儿童总数，先前儿童的性别与HADS评分之间的关​​系。拥有更多女儿的女性在HADS上得分更高的可能性更高，而在SPS上得分更低的女人得分更高的儿子则与得分的相反趋势相关（P <.05）。结论由于巴基斯坦的重男轻女社会文化背景，产前焦虑和抑郁的预测指标可能与发达国家不同。因此，我们建议为减少产前焦虑和抑郁而设计和实施的干预措施应考虑到这些独特因素。

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