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The makings of a face

机译：脸上的气质

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摘要

When we come into this world, we usually emerge whole. Not everyone is as fortunate though. There are a variety of rare afflictions that push the embryo to develop in a haphazard way, causing damage most of us would turn our heads away from. Such damage can be the result of the slightest of changes in a gene that affects downstream biological processes in an infant's development, for instance. Frontonasal dysplasia is just one of these afflictions. A protein known as ALX1 is at the heart of this disease characterised by a face that is not only incomplete but, in the most extreme cases, split up the middle. Now imagine if humans had beaks... Then surely ALX1 would have an effect on a beak's development. This seems to be so. Recently, scientists discovered the ALX1 protein in finches known as Darwin's finches. These particular finches live on the Galápagos Islands and were originally described by Charles Darwin during his voyage on The Beagle. And it could well be that what characterises each species best - i.e. the shape of their beak - is the hallmark of ALX1.
机译：当我们进入这个世界时，我们通常会整体出现。并不是每个人都那么幸运。有各种各样的罕见病使胚胎以偶然的方式发育，从而导致损害我们大多数人的头部。例如，这种损害可能是影响婴儿发育中下游生物学过程的基因变化最小的结果。额鼻发育不良只是这些疾病之一。这种疾病的核心是一种称为ALX1的蛋白质，其特征是面部不仅不完整，而且在最极端的情况下会分裂为中间。现在想象一下，如果人类有喙……那么ALX1肯定会对喙的发育产生影响。好像是这样。最近，科学家在称为达尔文（Darwin）的雀科雀中发现了ALX1蛋白。这些特殊的雀科生活在加拉帕戈斯群岛上，最初是查尔斯·达尔文在小猎犬号航行中所描述的。 ALX1的特征很可能就是每个物种的最佳特征（即它们喙的形状）。

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