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首页> 外文期刊>Psihologija >Cognitive and affective reactions to success and failure: The quality of feedback as the determinant of self-verifying and self-enhancing motivation
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Cognitive and affective reactions to success and failure: The quality of feedback as the determinant of self-verifying and self-enhancing motivation

机译：对成功和失败的认知和情感反应：反馈的质量作为自我验证和自我增强动机的决定因素

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A study was conducted to ascertain what the dominant self motivation is like - selfverifying or self-enhancing? - in a situation when a person is faced with a negative evaluation of a central personality characteristic. Previous research suggested that affective reactions should follow the pattern predicted by self-enhancement theory by which all individuals would react with positive affect to positive evaluation and with negative affect to negative evaluation. On the other side, cognitive reactions are expected to follow the pattern predicted by self-verification theory which suggests that information consistent with the self-concept should be the most convincing (i.e. cognitive reactions should be influenced by interaction of feedback and self-esteem). Ninety female respondents were given a false favorable or extremely unfavorable feedback about their achievement on an intelligence test, after which their cognitive and affective reactions were measured. The results revealed that the respondents demonstrated a self-enhancing motivation both in the affective and the cognitive domain, i.e., regardless of their level of self-esteem, those who had failed experienced more negative affect, rated test more unfavorably, assessed it as less accurate, and claimed they had invested less effort to solve the test, than those who were successful. The research imposes conclusion that cognitive reactions to failure are not conditioned only by the degree of negativity or positivity of global self-views, but also by the quality/intensity of unfavorable feedback. This conclusion provides important methodological implications for future research in this area.
机译：进行了一项研究以确定占主导地位的自我激励是什么样的-自我验证或自我增强？ -在一个人面对中心人格特征的负面评价的情况下。先前的研究表明，情感反应应遵循自我增强理论所预测的模式，即所有个体对积极评价的反应都是积极的，对消极评价的反应是消极的。另一方面，预期认知反应将遵循自我验证理论所预测的模式，这表明与自我概念一致的信息应是最有说服力的（即认知反应应受反馈和自尊的相互作用影响） 。 90名女性受访者在智力测验中获得了关于他们的成就的错误的正面或负面的反馈，然后对其认知和情感反应进行了测量。结果显示，受访者在情感和认知领域均表现出自我增强的动机，即，不管他们的自尊水平如何，失败者遭受的负面影响更大，对测验的评分更高，对其进行的评估更少。准确，并声称他们比成功的人花了更少的精力来解决测试。该研究得出的结论是，对失败的认知反应不仅取决于整体自我看法的消极程度或积极程度，而且还取决于不良反馈的质量/强度。这一结论为该领域的未来研究提供了重要的方法论意义。

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